Paddy soils in Italy can contain various trace metals, which are elements present in very small quantities but can have significant environmental and health implications due to their toxicity. Common trace metals of concern in soils include cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and others. The uptake of trace metals by rice plants is influenced by several factors: - Soil Characteristics: The concentration of trace metals in the soil, as well as its pH, organic matter content, micro/nano plastics and mineral composition, like silicium (Si) concetration, can influence the availability of these metals for uptake by rice plants. - Water Management: The flooding of paddy fields affects the redox potential of the soil. This, in turn, can influence the mobility and availability of trace metals for uptake by rice. During the anaerobic conditions in soil, iron- bound As is released in solution. Moreover, arsenate (As5+) is reduced to arsenite (As3+), which is less strongly retained by several soil solid phases and can be absorbed by rice roots. Aerobic rice resulted in the lowest As content. But the dry period must be regolated, until the booting stage, to monitor the increase of another armful element like Cd. - Rice Cultivar: Different rice cultivars can have varying abilities to accumulate trace metals. It is possible to recommend rice varieties based on the issues observed in previous years. - Dietary: Different operations, like milling and parboiling, affect As fate and its chemical forms in grains, influencing harmuful elment intake. - Sales target: Italian rice easily falls within the limits imposed for As and Cd in common rice, while there might be difficulties for the production of rice intended for the baby food market (0.10 mg/kg of maximum inorganic As level from EU 2015/1006; 0.040 mg/kg of total Cd from EU 488/2014) REFERENCES Tenni, D, et al. Total As and As speciation in Italian rice as related to producing areas and paddy soils properties. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2017, 65.17: 3443-3452. Fontanella, M.C., et al. Effect of milling and parboiling processes on arsenic species distribution in rice grains. Rice Science, 2021, 28.4: 402-408. Mamathaxim, N, et al. Effects of microplastics on arsenic uptake and distribution in rice seedlings. Science of The Total Environment, 2023, 862: 160837.
Fontanella, M. C., Trace metals in Italian paddy soils and uptake by rice, Abstract de <<21st Swiss Geoscience Meeting>>, (Mendrisio (Switzerland), 17-18 November 2023 ), SUPSI- Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera Italiana- Dipartimento Formazione e Apprendimento, Mendrisio (Switzerland) 2023: 130-130 [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/297476]
Trace metals in Italian paddy soils and uptake by rice
Fontanella, Maria Chiara
2023
Abstract
Paddy soils in Italy can contain various trace metals, which are elements present in very small quantities but can have significant environmental and health implications due to their toxicity. Common trace metals of concern in soils include cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and others. The uptake of trace metals by rice plants is influenced by several factors: - Soil Characteristics: The concentration of trace metals in the soil, as well as its pH, organic matter content, micro/nano plastics and mineral composition, like silicium (Si) concetration, can influence the availability of these metals for uptake by rice plants. - Water Management: The flooding of paddy fields affects the redox potential of the soil. This, in turn, can influence the mobility and availability of trace metals for uptake by rice. During the anaerobic conditions in soil, iron- bound As is released in solution. Moreover, arsenate (As5+) is reduced to arsenite (As3+), which is less strongly retained by several soil solid phases and can be absorbed by rice roots. Aerobic rice resulted in the lowest As content. But the dry period must be regolated, until the booting stage, to monitor the increase of another armful element like Cd. - Rice Cultivar: Different rice cultivars can have varying abilities to accumulate trace metals. It is possible to recommend rice varieties based on the issues observed in previous years. - Dietary: Different operations, like milling and parboiling, affect As fate and its chemical forms in grains, influencing harmuful elment intake. - Sales target: Italian rice easily falls within the limits imposed for As and Cd in common rice, while there might be difficulties for the production of rice intended for the baby food market (0.10 mg/kg of maximum inorganic As level from EU 2015/1006; 0.040 mg/kg of total Cd from EU 488/2014) REFERENCES Tenni, D, et al. Total As and As speciation in Italian rice as related to producing areas and paddy soils properties. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2017, 65.17: 3443-3452. Fontanella, M.C., et al. Effect of milling and parboiling processes on arsenic species distribution in rice grains. Rice Science, 2021, 28.4: 402-408. Mamathaxim, N, et al. Effects of microplastics on arsenic uptake and distribution in rice seedlings. Science of The Total Environment, 2023, 862: 160837.
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