Nipple sparing mastectomy with prepectoral immediate prosthetic reconstruction without acellular dermal matrices: a single center experience

BACKGROUND: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction (IPBR) is an oncologically accepted technique that allows to improve aesthetic results and patient quality of life. Traditionally, implant for reconstruction have been placed in a submuscolar (SM) plane, beneath the pectoralis major muscle (PMM). Recently, prepectoral (PP) placement of prosthesis is increasingly used in order to avoid morbidities related to manipulation of PMM. The aim of the present study was to report our experience with 209 NSMs and IPBR using a prepectoral approach and polyurethane-coated implant without acellular dermal matrices (ADMs). METHODS: A retrospective review of breast cancer patients who underwent NSM followed by PP - IPBR from January 2018 to April 2021 was performed. Data were recorded in order to evaluate operative details, major complications and oncological outcomes. Aesthetic results and patient quality of life were measured by a specific “QOL assessment PRO” survey. RESULTS: Two hundred and nine patients (269 breasts) with PP - IPBR after NSM were included. Mean age was 47 (25-73) years and median follow-up was 14 (1-40) months. A simultaneous contralateral implant-based mammoplasty of symmetrization after unilateral NSM was carried out in six of 149 (4%) patients. Implant loss was observed in three of 209 patient (1.44%); two of 209 (0.96%) patients developed a full-thickness NAC necrosis that required excision. During follow-up one local relapse (0.48%) and two regional nodes recurrences (0,96%) was observed. Patient satisfaction, assessed using a personalized QOL Assessment PRO survey, in term of aesthetic results, chronic pain, shoulder dysfunction, sports activity, sexual and relationship life and skin sensibility, was excellent. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience shows that PP-IPBR using polyurethane-coated implant after NSM is a safe, reliable and effective alternative to traditional IPBR with excellent aesthetic outcomes and high patient quality of life; it is easy to perform, minimizes complications related to manipulation of PPM and reduces operative time while resulting also in a cost-effective technique.