A strong point of educational poverty as an interpretative paradigm is the social interpretation of the phenomena characterized by situations of hard- ship, in contrast with the general tendency to “culturalize” problems related to social disadvantage. The analysis of a specific case study - the regional laws regulating the Roma and Sinti presence in Italy - will show how a “culturalist definition” has greatly influenced the political action of public institutions and social organizations. Over the last 50 years, the lack of a national frame- work on Roma and Sinti has left a vacuum that has been filled by regional and local authorities with various autonomous actions. In order to provide answers to the housing needs of Roma groups, regional authorities promoted legisla- tive texts that provided for the establishment of “nomad camps”. These laws were based on a nomadic approach since they assumed that all RSC groups living in Italy were nomads. This has mistakenly made Roma and Sinti cul- ture coincide with nomadism, laying the foundations of what has been called “Campland. This is a scenario characterized by many social problems. Recall- ing the need for multifactorial analyses, this paper investigates the concept of “culturalization of poverty” when the culturalist and essentialist approach prevails over the social one. In contrast, the paradigm of educational poverty applied to the specific case of Roma and Sinti, highlights the fact that the liv- ing conditions of the camps are the consequence of the social and, especially, housing policies, implemented by the Italian administrations.
Un punto di forza della povertà educativa come paradigma interpretativo è l’interpretazione sociale di fenomeni caratterizzati da situazione di disagio. Si assiste al contrario alla tendenza a culturalizzare i problemi legati allo svantaggio sociale in settori. Analizzando un caso studio particolare, le leggi regionali sulla presenza dei gruppi rom e sinti in Italia, si mostrerà come una definizione culturalista abbia influenzato molto l’azione politica delle istituzioni pubbliche e delle organizzazioni sociali. Negli ultimi 50 anni, la mancanza di un quadro nazionale delle politiche sui rom e sinti ha causato un vuoto che è stato riempito dalle autorità regionali e locali con varie azioni autonome. Per rispondere ai bisogni abitativi dei gruppi rom e sinti, le autorità regionali hanno promosso testi legislativi che istituirono i "campi nomadi". Queste leggi erano basate su un approccio "nomade", ossia che presumevano che tutti i gruppi rom, sinti e caminanti (RSC) che vivevano in Italia fossero nomadi. Ciò ha fatto erroneamente coincidere la cultura rom e sinta con il nomadismo, ponendo le basi delle politiche che hanno portato l'Italia ad essere il "Paese dei Campi". Si tratta di uno scenario caratterizzato da molti problemi sociali. Richiamando la necessità di analisi multifattoriali, l'articolo problematizza la “culturalizzazione della povertà” nel momento in cui approcci culturalisti ed essenzialisti prevalgono su quello sociale. Al contrario, nello specifico caso DEI ROM E SINTI, leggere le condizioni di vita nei campi secondo il paradigma della povertà educativa significa, dunque, riconoscerne le cause nelle politiche sociali, e abitative in particolare, attuate dalle Amministrazioni italiane. --
Pasta, S., Rom e sinti in Italia. Tra 'tutela del nomadismo', culture presunte, campi, disagio sociale e povertà educativa, <<SCHOLÉ>>, 2020; LVIII (2): 189-198 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/164098]
Rom e sinti in Italia. Tra 'tutela del nomadismo', culture presunte, campi, disagio sociale e povertà educativa
Pasta, Stefano
2020
Abstract
A strong point of educational poverty as an interpretative paradigm is the social interpretation of the phenomena characterized by situations of hard- ship, in contrast with the general tendency to “culturalize” problems related to social disadvantage. The analysis of a specific case study - the regional laws regulating the Roma and Sinti presence in Italy - will show how a “culturalist definition” has greatly influenced the political action of public institutions and social organizations. Over the last 50 years, the lack of a national frame- work on Roma and Sinti has left a vacuum that has been filled by regional and local authorities with various autonomous actions. In order to provide answers to the housing needs of Roma groups, regional authorities promoted legisla- tive texts that provided for the establishment of “nomad camps”. These laws were based on a nomadic approach since they assumed that all RSC groups living in Italy were nomads. This has mistakenly made Roma and Sinti cul- ture coincide with nomadism, laying the foundations of what has been called “Campland. This is a scenario characterized by many social problems. Recall- ing the need for multifactorial analyses, this paper investigates the concept of “culturalization of poverty” when the culturalist and essentialist approach prevails over the social one. In contrast, the paradigm of educational poverty applied to the specific case of Roma and Sinti, highlights the fact that the liv- ing conditions of the camps are the consequence of the social and, especially, housing policies, implemented by the Italian administrations.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.