The essay deals with the relationship between missionary culture and colonial racism, with particular reference to the turning point of 1938 inherent in the promulgation of racial laws in Italy. The confrontation between missionaries and Africa - perceived as "otherness" - is a long-term story, within which the Horn of Africa, with particular reference to Ethiopia, represents a significant case for political problems- religious who characterize it. In connection with the racial theme, the essay intends to focus some lines of continuity / discontinuity of the Catholic vision and missionary strategies that precede and follow 1938. The nineteenth-century missionary culture, although permeated by a racism typical of the first Italian colonialism, appears distant from biological prejudices. On the other hand, the goal of Catholic missions is also to bring Christian Ethiopia, considered "heretical" and "schismatic", to union with the Roman Catholic Church. It is a line not without contradictions, which developed diplomatically in the 1920s and 1930s during the fascist colonization, but which constitutes an element of contrast with the regime, projected instead to the total submission of Ethiopia and its Church . With the Ethiopian war of 1935-36, supported largely by the ecclesiastical and missionary world because it was considered a propitious occasion for evangelization, the regime imposed a strict racial separation between Italians and Africans, to stem the growing phenomenon of mixed race . In this context, the missionaries show they do not share fascist racial policy and choose to open institutes for the protection of mestizo children, which had not been recognized by the father and abandoned by the mother.

Il saggio affronta il rapporto tra cultura missionaria e razzismo coloniale, con particolare riferimento alla svolta del 1938 inerente alla promulgazione delle leggi razziali in Italia. Il confronto tra i missionari e l’Africa – percepita come “alterità” – è una storia di lungo periodo, all’interno della quale il Corno d’Africa, con particolare riferimento all’Etiopia, rappresenta un caso significativo per le problematiche politico-religiose che lo caratterizzano. In connessione con il tema razziale, il saggio intende focalizzare alcune linee di continuità/discontinuità della visuale e delle strategie missionarie cattoliche che precedono e seguono il 1938. La cultura missionaria ottocentesca, pur permeata da un razzismo tipico del primo colonialismo italiano, appare distante da pregiudizi di tipo biologico. D’altro lato, l’obiettivo delle missioni cattoliche è anche quello di riportare l’Etiopia cristiana, ritenuta “eretica” e “scismatica”, all’unione con la Chiesa cattolica romana. È una linea non priva di contraddizioni, che si sviluppa per via diplomatica negli anni ’20 e ’30 durante la colonizzazione fascista, ma che costituisce un elemento di di contrasto con il regime, proiettato invece alla totale sottomissione dell’Etiopia e della sua Chiesa. Con la guerra d’Etiopia del 1935-36, sostenuta in gran parte dal mondo ecclesiastico e missionario poiché ritenuta un’occasione propizia per l’evangelizzazione, il regime impone una rigida separazione razziale tra italiani ed africani, per arginare il fenomeno crescente del meticciato. In questo contesto, i missionari mostrano di non condividere la politica razziale fascista e scelgono di aprire istituti per la protezione dei bambini meticci, che non erano stati riconosciuti dal padre e abbandonati dalla madre.

Borruso, P., Cattolici e razzismo in Etiopia, in La svolta del 1938. Fascismo, cattolicesimo e antisemitismo, (Roma, 19-20 November 2018), Guerini e Associati, MILANO 2020: 151-170 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/150721]

Cattolici e razzismo in Etiopia

Borruso, Paolo
2020

Abstract

The essay deals with the relationship between missionary culture and colonial racism, with particular reference to the turning point of 1938 inherent in the promulgation of racial laws in Italy. The confrontation between missionaries and Africa - perceived as "otherness" - is a long-term story, within which the Horn of Africa, with particular reference to Ethiopia, represents a significant case for political problems- religious who characterize it. In connection with the racial theme, the essay intends to focus some lines of continuity / discontinuity of the Catholic vision and missionary strategies that precede and follow 1938. The nineteenth-century missionary culture, although permeated by a racism typical of the first Italian colonialism, appears distant from biological prejudices. On the other hand, the goal of Catholic missions is also to bring Christian Ethiopia, considered "heretical" and "schismatic", to union with the Roman Catholic Church. It is a line not without contradictions, which developed diplomatically in the 1920s and 1930s during the fascist colonization, but which constitutes an element of contrast with the regime, projected instead to the total submission of Ethiopia and its Church . With the Ethiopian war of 1935-36, supported largely by the ecclesiastical and missionary world because it was considered a propitious occasion for evangelization, the regime imposed a strict racial separation between Italians and Africans, to stem the growing phenomenon of mixed race . In this context, the missionaries show they do not share fascist racial policy and choose to open institutes for the protection of mestizo children, which had not been recognized by the father and abandoned by the mother.
2020
Italiano
La svolta del 1938. Fascismo, cattolicesimo e antisemitismo
Chiesa, fascismo ed ebrei: la svolta del 1938
Roma
19-nov-2018
20-nov-2018
978-88-6250-775-2
Guerini e Associati
Borruso, P., Cattolici e razzismo in Etiopia, in La svolta del 1938. Fascismo, cattolicesimo e antisemitismo, (Roma, 19-20 November 2018), Guerini e Associati, MILANO 2020: 151-170 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/150721]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10807/150721
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