Isolated light chain deposition disease neuropathy in a patient with multiple myeloma

In our patient, clinical history, neurological examination and NCS revealed a progressive axonal sensory-motor polyneuropathy. Although the presence of a polyneuropathy in patients with MM is quite common, the rapid progression of her clinical condition suggested a direct association with the underlying hematologic disease [3]. Ruled out other possible causes of neuropathy, we performed nerve biopsy, detecting abundant light chain deposition and thus confirming an aggressive hematologic disease, although other organs (including kidney and heart) were not involved. Based on these considerations, our patient was treated with chemotherapy, resulting in clinical stabilization. This report confirms that LCDD, although rare, could be one of the several mechanisms of nerve damage in hematologic diseases and could occur even without signs of other organ involvement. Since its recognition has important therapeutic implications, nerve biopsy is an irreplaceable diagnostic tool in patients with progressive neuropathy during hematologic disease.