The essay deals with the new legal order in Italian Labour Law, where since 2016 rights and duties provided for in employment relationships must also be referred to self-employed workers who perform services under the so-called organizational power of an entrepreneur, in accordance with Art. 2, decree 81-2015. This concerns just people who work under the following three conditions: they work for a certain period of time, only on a personal basis and in a manner “organized” by the entrepreneur in regard to time and place. As the common contractual framework is the employment relationship as subordinated-worker (in accordance with Art. 1, decree 81-2015), the conditions to justify this extension in workers’ protection rely on the factual situation of persons who work in a context in which they don’t have any responsibility, which is the same for employees and “organized” workers, though the distinction between them still depends on the fact that employees are not engaged to realize a specific object agreed in the contract. Following the decision of the Italian Constitutional Court n. 30/1996, subordination requires that persons work for an external organization, without any legal involvement in governance, and now similarly autonomous “organized” workers must be protected like employees because of their similar external position to businesses. For them legal terms “by only personal work” must be defined by reference to a contractual framework where organizational matters are linked to the power of the entrepreneur over all the aspects of the persons work, including time and place. By contrast, autonomous workers are not protected where a person performs a service under the direction of an entrepreneur even for a certain period of time but personally organizing his/her own performance, which is the meaning of legal terms “(not only) personal work”. In the end, an equal treatment is accorded to employees and free workers, irrespective of the legal distinction between subordination/non-subordination, when they share a common external condition towards businesses.

Il saggio ripercorre le ragioni che hanno mosso il legislatore ad estendere dal 2016 le tutele classiche del lavoro subordinato anche ai rapporti di collaborazione continuativa svolti a titolo esclusivamente personale secondo modalità organizzate dall’imprenditore anche in relazione ai tempi e luoghi della prestazione di lavoro. A partire dalla indicazione legislativa dell’art. 1, d. lgs. n. 81/2015, secondo cui la “forma comune” dei rapporti di lavoro è quella del contratto di lavoro subordinato, la necessità di individuare la cerchia dei nuovi destinatari delle tutele (cd. etero-organizzati) porta a definire il lavoratore “organizzato” come la persona che promette un quid predefinito volendolo realizzare sotto un potere di coordinamento altrui di intensità elevata, che interessa anche il tempo e il luogo delle modalità lavorative, legato strettamente alla estraneità del collaboratore all’organizzazione economica altrui. Si riconosce una analogia tra la nozione di subordinazione risalente alla sentenza della Corte costituzionale n. 30/1996 e quella di autonomia organizzata ora introdotta nell’ordinamento, nel senso che in entrambi i casi il lavoratore collabora in un contesto organizzativo cui rimane sostanzialmente estraneo. Sarebbe questo il significato da attribuirsi alla dizione “esclusivamente personale” che caratterizza il lavoro “organizzato” nella lettera dell’art. 2, d. lgs. n. 81/2015, per distinzione dal lavoro autonomo continuativo non “organizzato”. Restano esclusi i rapporti di lavoro semplicemente “coordinati”, caratterizzati da un assetto di interessi dove la collaborazione si svolge anche in modo continuativo ma in modo prevalentemente, non esclusivamente personale, e che viene ancora tutelata nelle forme minori del lavoro autonomo. La ratio normativa dell’ampliamento del campo di applicazione soggettiva dell’intero Diritto del lavoro può dirsi legata ad una situazione di eguaglianza sostanziale in cui si trovano tutti coloro che lavorano per una organizzazione cui sono estranei.

Occhino, A., Autonomia e subordinazione nel d. lgs. 81/2015, <<VARIAZIONI SU TEMI DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO>>, 2016; 2016 (2): 203-241 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/74755]

Autonomia e subordinazione nel d. lgs. 81/2015

Occhino, Antonella
Primo
2016

Abstract

The essay deals with the new legal order in Italian Labour Law, where since 2016 rights and duties provided for in employment relationships must also be referred to self-employed workers who perform services under the so-called organizational power of an entrepreneur, in accordance with Art. 2, decree 81-2015. This concerns just people who work under the following three conditions: they work for a certain period of time, only on a personal basis and in a manner “organized” by the entrepreneur in regard to time and place. As the common contractual framework is the employment relationship as subordinated-worker (in accordance with Art. 1, decree 81-2015), the conditions to justify this extension in workers’ protection rely on the factual situation of persons who work in a context in which they don’t have any responsibility, which is the same for employees and “organized” workers, though the distinction between them still depends on the fact that employees are not engaged to realize a specific object agreed in the contract. Following the decision of the Italian Constitutional Court n. 30/1996, subordination requires that persons work for an external organization, without any legal involvement in governance, and now similarly autonomous “organized” workers must be protected like employees because of their similar external position to businesses. For them legal terms “by only personal work” must be defined by reference to a contractual framework where organizational matters are linked to the power of the entrepreneur over all the aspects of the persons work, including time and place. By contrast, autonomous workers are not protected where a person performs a service under the direction of an entrepreneur even for a certain period of time but personally organizing his/her own performance, which is the meaning of legal terms “(not only) personal work”. In the end, an equal treatment is accorded to employees and free workers, irrespective of the legal distinction between subordination/non-subordination, when they share a common external condition towards businesses.
2016
Italiano
Occhino, A., Autonomia e subordinazione nel d. lgs. 81/2015, <<VARIAZIONI SU TEMI DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO>>, 2016; 2016 (2): 203-241 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/74755]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10807/74755
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