Comparing hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars for dual-purpose production under contrasting environments

tInterest in hemp as a multi-purpose crop is growing worldwide and for the first time in 2015 it wascultivated in Europe on more than 20.000 ha as a dual-purpose crop, for the seeds and for the fibre. Inthe present study, fibre and seed productivity of 14 commercial cultivars were tested in four contrastingEuropean environments (Latvia, the Czech Republic, France, Italy). At full flowering, the stem yield rangedfrom 3.7 Mg ha−1to 22.7 Mg ha−1, the bast fibre content ranged from 21% to 43%, and the bast fibre yieldranged from 1.3 Mg ha−1to 7.4 Mg ha−1. When harvesting was postponed from full flowering until seedmaturity, the stem yield of monoecious cultivars significantly increased but in dioecious cultivars itdecreased at all tested sites, except for Italy. Only the early cultivars Fedora 17 and Markant producedseed in the most northern location Latvia. The seed yield ranged from 0.3 Mg ha−1to 2.4 Mg ha−1in Italy,France and the Czech Republic. The cultivar effect on stem and seed yield was mainly determined by thegenetic variation in time of flowering. Stem yield at full flowering was strictly related to the durationof the vegetative phase while seed yield was lowest in the late flowering cultivar. The late cultivar CS issuitable for stem and fibre production as it had the highest stem yield at full flowering in all locations.Both Fedora 17 and Futura 75 are candidate cultivars for dual-purpose production in Italy, France andthe Czech Republic, with Fedora 17 being more suitable for seed production and Futura 75 for fibreproduction.The application of modelling to design production strategies for dual-purpose hemp is promising.However, accurate parameterisation is needed based on large data sets and diverse genetic background