This essay starts by presenting the Judaic, Christian and philosophical context within which the allegorical interpretation was developed in Gnostic environments during the 2nd century AD. Its most relevant sources, mainly of heresiological derivation, are illustrated. By analyzing their allegorical technique, it is then shown how the gnostic masters, especially the Valentinians, were rather flexible in adopting literal interpretations and allegorical ones both “horizontally” (i.e., in a physical, psychological and historical sense) and “vertically” (i.e., in a spiritual sense). Gnostic authors preferred the latter, and this was their major point of contention with the adopters of the “horizontal” typological practice, favored around the same time within the Great Church. Allegory was the ideal match for the exoteric character of the Gnostic tradition, since it allowed for the appearance of countless hidden meanings and it did properly fit the Gnostic claim that truth is at hand inasmuch as those who seek it are consubstantial with that divine from which truth comes.
Il contributo illustra in primo luogo il contesto giudaico, cristiano e filosofico entro il quale nel II sec. d.C. si sviluppò l’interpretazione allegorica in ambito gnostico. Di essa vengono presentate le fonti più significative, principalmente di estrazione eresiologia. Analizzando la tecnica allegorica utilizzata, si individua una certa flessibilità da parte dei maestri gnostici, specie valentiniani, nel ricorso ora all’interpretazione letterale ora a quella allegorica sia in senso “orizzontale” (fisico, psicologico e storico) sia in senso “verticale” (spirituale). Proprio quest’ultimo era l’ambito privilegiato dallo gnosticismo ed anche il punto di maggiore contrasto con i fautori della coeva pratica tipologica “orizzontale” tipica della Grande Chiesa. L’allegoria, permettendo di portare alla luce innumerevoli significati nascosti, si adattava perfettamente al carattere esoterico dello gnosticismo, nonché alla pretesa degli gnostici di raggiungere personalmente la verità in quanto ontologicamente consustanziali con quel divino che di quella verità è ritenuta la fonte.
Chiapparini, G., L’allegoria gnostica: note sul significato e sull’uso dell’interpretazione allegorica nello gnosticismo antico, <<ANNALI DI SCIENZE RELIGIOSE>>, 2014; 7 (N/A): 89-124. [doi:10.1484/J.ASR.5.107497] [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/72206]
L’allegoria gnostica: note sul significato e sull’uso dell’interpretazione allegorica nello gnosticismo antico
Chiapparini, Giuliano
2014
Abstract
This essay starts by presenting the Judaic, Christian and philosophical context within which the allegorical interpretation was developed in Gnostic environments during the 2nd century AD. Its most relevant sources, mainly of heresiological derivation, are illustrated. By analyzing their allegorical technique, it is then shown how the gnostic masters, especially the Valentinians, were rather flexible in adopting literal interpretations and allegorical ones both “horizontally” (i.e., in a physical, psychological and historical sense) and “vertically” (i.e., in a spiritual sense). Gnostic authors preferred the latter, and this was their major point of contention with the adopters of the “horizontal” typological practice, favored around the same time within the Great Church. Allegory was the ideal match for the exoteric character of the Gnostic tradition, since it allowed for the appearance of countless hidden meanings and it did properly fit the Gnostic claim that truth is at hand inasmuch as those who seek it are consubstantial with that divine from which truth comes.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.