In Italy the dropout rate stands at 17,0% (2013) still far away from Eu2020 target (10%); so that the more realistic target has been fixed at 16% by 2020. The most problematic area is South and Islands; the early leaving shows remarkable inequalities in gender (boys are disadvantaged) and migratory background. Among several factors, ESL is pushed by a low socio-economic family along with the propensity for a school-free model of self-realization and a widespread lack of capacity among teachers in motivating and guiding the ‘unfair’ students. Situation is getting worse because of the ‘school segregation’, negative effect of the free school choice, which leads teachers and students to self-selection. Over long time public policies have been unefficient, as they lack of an updated reading of drop out and a national directory of students is still missed. Public intervention is more addressed to compensation or remedy and less to prevention: measures are implemented on a local rather than on a general scale. Recently, solicited by the international frame and by the fear for the negative impact of ESL and NEET on the ‘Sistema Italia’, a large number of projects – funded by FSE or PON programs – have been developed (in the South mainly) with a more efficient address: multi-actors actions and shared responsibility between private and public sector, schools and no schooling organizations.

In Italia il tasso di drop out è 17,0% (2013) ben lontano dall’obiettivo Eu 2020 del 10%; per accorciare la distanza l’Italia mira al target più realistico del 16%. L’area geografica più problematica è quella meridionale e insulare e il fenomeno rivela disuguaglianze marcate di genere (maschi svantaggiati) e secondo il background migratorio. Tra le cause dell’early leaving c’è non solo un basso retroterra socio-economico ma anche l’adesione al modello di realizzazione school-free e una scarsa capacità dei docenti nel motivare e coinvolgere gli studenti difficili. Aggrava la situazione la segregazione formativa come effetto della libera scelta degli istituti e della auto-selezione di studenti e docenti. Le politiche pubbliche sono state a lungo inefficaci: manca una visione aggiornata del drop out e un’anagrafe degli studenti a livello nazionale. L’approccio è sbilanciato sulle azioni di contrasto e sul recupero della scolarità, piuttosto che sulla prevenzione; le misure intraprese non sono generalizzate su scala nazionale. Negli ultimi anni spinti dai richiami internazionali e dal timore delle ricadute negative sul ‘sistema Italia’, si sta cercando di sfruttare meglio i finanziamenti del FSE e del PON (specie al sud) e di investire su progetti multi-attore e di responsabilità condivisa tra pubblico e privato, scuola ed enti extrascolastici.

Colombo, M., Abbandono scolastico in Italia: un problema serio, molti circoli viziosi e qualche strategia di prevenzione, <<SCUOLA DEMOCRATICA>>, 2015; (2): 411-424. [doi:10.12828/80464] [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/67602]

Abbandono scolastico in Italia: un problema serio, molti circoli viziosi e qualche strategia di prevenzione

Colombo, Maddalena
2015

Abstract

In Italy the dropout rate stands at 17,0% (2013) still far away from Eu2020 target (10%); so that the more realistic target has been fixed at 16% by 2020. The most problematic area is South and Islands; the early leaving shows remarkable inequalities in gender (boys are disadvantaged) and migratory background. Among several factors, ESL is pushed by a low socio-economic family along with the propensity for a school-free model of self-realization and a widespread lack of capacity among teachers in motivating and guiding the ‘unfair’ students. Situation is getting worse because of the ‘school segregation’, negative effect of the free school choice, which leads teachers and students to self-selection. Over long time public policies have been unefficient, as they lack of an updated reading of drop out and a national directory of students is still missed. Public intervention is more addressed to compensation or remedy and less to prevention: measures are implemented on a local rather than on a general scale. Recently, solicited by the international frame and by the fear for the negative impact of ESL and NEET on the ‘Sistema Italia’, a large number of projects – funded by FSE or PON programs – have been developed (in the South mainly) with a more efficient address: multi-actors actions and shared responsibility between private and public sector, schools and no schooling organizations.
2015
Italiano
Colombo, M., Abbandono scolastico in Italia: un problema serio, molti circoli viziosi e qualche strategia di prevenzione, <<SCUOLA DEMOCRATICA>>, 2015; (2): 411-424. [doi:10.12828/80464] [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/67602]
File in questo prodotto:
Non ci sono file associati a questo prodotto.

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10807/67602
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus ND
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
social impact