Time-trend analysis of the pulmonary function after surgical treatment for esophageal cancer

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in function of time, the modification of pulmonary function after radical esophagectomy with the aim of identifying clinical and/or surgical predictors of functional worsening. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data of 57 patients operated from 01/06 to 06/11 were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-eight patients (67%) underwent transhiatal cervico-laparotomic (CL-Group) and 19 (33%) a Mc-Keown cervico-thoraco-laparotomic esophagectomy (CTL-Group). The pulmonary function has been evaluated before and one month after surgery. The outcome has been benchmarked with demographic/clinical characteristics, the type of operation and the presence of post-operative pulmonary complications (POPCs). RESULTS: Mean age and male/female distribution were 66.6±10.6 yrs and 39/18, respectively. A total of 14 (24% of total sample) POPCs occurred with a significantly higher occurrence in the CTL-Group (71% vs 28%, p < 0.001) and in those patients with a pre-operative concurrent pathological condition (64% in COPD patients vs 36% in patients without COPD, p = 0.021). A global worsening of the spirometric parameters (expressed as the baseline percentage change, Δ) emerged, but this decrease was significantly higher in the CTL-Group in terms of Δ-FVC (p = 0.005) and Δ-FEV1 (p = 0.005). Similarly, those patients who have experienced a POPC, showed a higher reduction of the pulmonary function regardless of the surgical approach when compared with those who did not (Δ-FVC: p = 0.053 and Δ-FEV1%: p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: In the context of a global reduction of pulmonary function, patients who underwent trans-thoracic esophagectomy or experienced a POPC showed a significantly worse pattern. These patients could be the "best target" for therapeutic rehabilitative strategies in the pre-operative and/or post-operative setting. This assumption is to be proven through prospective clinical trials