A big change is announced in the Italian correctional mental health system: the “shut down” (or, more precisely, the “overcoming”, as the law names it) of psychiatric asylums for mentally ill offenders. The system is therefore undergoing what apparently seems to be an enormous and revolutionary change in theory and practice. The article analyses to what extent this can be true, provided that the laws passed between early 2012 and mid 2013 do not intervene on the criminal justice system as a whole, and do not touch — at all — the criminal code, the code of criminal procedure, and the regulation concerning corrections and measures for mentally ill offenders at risk of reoffending. These rules remain the same. The reform is in fact limited to new provisions concerning the characteristics, structure and logistics of the “facilities” that will host mentally ill offenders by April 1st 2014. Facilities will no longer belong to the criminal justice and corrections systems: they will have to become entirely health-related. Hospitals, therefore, not prisons. This raises a set of issues concerning criminal policy, psychiatric and health policy, fundamental rights, in the light of the need for a correct balance between “curing”, “caring” and “controlling”. The article analyses this set of issues, bearing in mind Italian Constitutional Court’s jurisprudence on the topic, and the need to avoid to the maximum extent possible the confinement of mentally ill offenders in closed environments. At the same time, the article introduces some interdisciplinary essays that are presented in a section of the Review named “focus” and dedicated to the “overcoming” of asylums for mentally ill offenders.
La legge 17 febbraio 2012 n. 9 (di conversione, con modifiche, del decreto legge noto come “svuota carceri”) e le sue ulteriori e più recenti modificazioni prescrivono il “definitivo superamento” del ricovero in ospedale psichiatrico giudiziario e dell’assegnazione alla casa di cura e di custodia: annunciano la chiusura di tali istituti entro l’aprile 2014, prevedendo altresì la dimissione senza indugio degli internati non pericolosi e il trasferimento degli altri in apposite strutture a gestione esclusivamente sanitaria. Cosa accadrà nel sistema penale e penitenziario? Cosa comporterà il completamento di questo processo? Si tratta di una rivoluzione attesa e auspicabile, o di un ritocco che si appunta, tutto sommato, su dettagli applicativi? Il saggio offre un quadro di sintesi delle questioni di fondo e dei quesiti aperti, anche alla luce della giurisprudenza costituzionale. Gli autori segnalano i nobili intenti della novella e le sue non secondarie criticità e analizzano i profili concernenti il (mancato) raccordo con la disciplina processuale e penitenziaria. Lo scritto introduce altresì alcuni testi interdisciplinari pubblicati nella Rivista all'interno di un'apposita rubrica, denominata "focus" e dedicata monograficamente all’argomento: tali testi raccolgono diversi punti di vista e offrono l’occasione per riflettere sulle modalità di risposta al reato commesso dalla persona con infermità di mente.
Mazzucato, C., Varraso, G., Chiudere o... aprire? Il "superamento" degli OPG tra istanze di riforma e perenni tentazioni di "cambiare tutto per non cambiare niente", <<RIVISTA ITALIANA DI MEDICINA LEGALE E DEL DIRITTO IN CAMPO SANITARIO>>, 2013; 2013 (3): 1339-1354 [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/48251]
Chiudere o... aprire? Il "superamento" degli OPG tra istanze di riforma e perenni tentazioni di "cambiare tutto per non cambiare niente"
Mazzucato, Claudia;Varraso, Gianluca
2013
Abstract
A big change is announced in the Italian correctional mental health system: the “shut down” (or, more precisely, the “overcoming”, as the law names it) of psychiatric asylums for mentally ill offenders. The system is therefore undergoing what apparently seems to be an enormous and revolutionary change in theory and practice. The article analyses to what extent this can be true, provided that the laws passed between early 2012 and mid 2013 do not intervene on the criminal justice system as a whole, and do not touch — at all — the criminal code, the code of criminal procedure, and the regulation concerning corrections and measures for mentally ill offenders at risk of reoffending. These rules remain the same. The reform is in fact limited to new provisions concerning the characteristics, structure and logistics of the “facilities” that will host mentally ill offenders by April 1st 2014. Facilities will no longer belong to the criminal justice and corrections systems: they will have to become entirely health-related. Hospitals, therefore, not prisons. This raises a set of issues concerning criminal policy, psychiatric and health policy, fundamental rights, in the light of the need for a correct balance between “curing”, “caring” and “controlling”. The article analyses this set of issues, bearing in mind Italian Constitutional Court’s jurisprudence on the topic, and the need to avoid to the maximum extent possible the confinement of mentally ill offenders in closed environments. At the same time, the article introduces some interdisciplinary essays that are presented in a section of the Review named “focus” and dedicated to the “overcoming” of asylums for mentally ill offenders.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.