This essay examines imprisonment in Europe from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century through autobiographical writings by prisoners. Based on forty texts by thirty-seven authors, mostly Italian and French, it seeks to recover inmates’ experiences, often overlooked by a historiography focused on prison institutions, legal frameworks and penal theories. Such testimonies require careful scrutiny: authors might exaggerate their suffering, justify their conduct, practise self-censorship or seek release, while retrospective accounts could be affected by the passage of time. Read critically, however, they offer valuable evidence of confinement. The essay explores arrests, uncertainty about charges and detention periods, and everyday prison conditions. Across countries and centuries, the accounts describe cramped, dark, damp, cold or unbearably hot cells, foul smells, vermin, inadequate furnishings and severe restrictions on movement, sometimes enforced through chains and physical coercion. Although the sample is unevenly distributed across time and space, it reveals striking continuities between early modern prisons and nineteenth-century penitentiaries, despite reforming ideals that emphasized inmates’ moral rehabilitation. These findings challenge the view that imprisonment became an established punitive measure only in the eighteenth century. The testimonies suggest that confinement had long served not merely to hold suspects pending trial, but also as punishment in its own right. The essay argues for an earlier chronology of punitive imprisonment and highlights the prison’s enduring institutional closure and resistance to change. In the Italian institutions most prominent in the sample, nineteenth-century reform debates brought little immediate improvement in prisoners’ living conditions.
Il saggio esamina le modalità di reclusione in Europa tra XVI e XIX secolo attraverso le testimonianze autobiografiche dei detenuti. Sulla base di un corpus di quaranta testi riconducibili a trentasette autori, prevalentemente italiani e francesi, l’indagine ricostruisce l’esperienza della reclusione e le condizioni materiali della vita carceraria, valutando criticamente le potenzialità e i limiti delle fonti memorialistiche. Le testimonianze descrivono ambienti sovraffollati e insalubri, strutture inadeguate, forti limitazioni della libertà di movimento e forme di coercizione fisica. Nonostante le differenze cronologiche e geografiche, emergono significative continuità tra le carceri di età moderna e i penitenziari ottocenteschi, anche a fronte dei dibattiti sulla riforma penale e sulla funzione rieducativa della detenzione. L’analisi mette inoltre in discussione l’interpretazione storiografica secondo cui la reclusione avrebbe assunto una funzione propriamente punitiva soltanto nel XVIII secolo. Le fonti suggeriscono, al contrario, che il carcere fosse da tempo non solo uno strumento di custodia preventiva in attesa del giudizio, ma anche una pena in sé. Attraverso la valorizzazione della prospettiva dei detenuti, il saggio contribuisce alla storia delle pratiche punitive e sottolinea la persistenza di condizioni e assetti istituzionali che ostacolarono un effettivo miglioramento della vita carceraria.
Tanturri, A., “Le stalle di Augia”. Carceri e carcerati nella memorialistica europea fra Cinque e Ottocento, in Fiorelli, V. (ed.), Mondi “a parte”. Politiche, saperi e rappresentazioni del confinamento (secoli XVI-XIX). Linguaggi della storia in dialogo con la contemporaneità, Editoriale Scientifica, Napoli 2026: 117- 141 [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/349176]
“Le stalle di Augia”. Carceri e carcerati nella memorialistica europea fra Cinque e Ottocento
Tanturri, Alberto
2026
Abstract
This essay examines imprisonment in Europe from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century through autobiographical writings by prisoners. Based on forty texts by thirty-seven authors, mostly Italian and French, it seeks to recover inmates’ experiences, often overlooked by a historiography focused on prison institutions, legal frameworks and penal theories. Such testimonies require careful scrutiny: authors might exaggerate their suffering, justify their conduct, practise self-censorship or seek release, while retrospective accounts could be affected by the passage of time. Read critically, however, they offer valuable evidence of confinement. The essay explores arrests, uncertainty about charges and detention periods, and everyday prison conditions. Across countries and centuries, the accounts describe cramped, dark, damp, cold or unbearably hot cells, foul smells, vermin, inadequate furnishings and severe restrictions on movement, sometimes enforced through chains and physical coercion. Although the sample is unevenly distributed across time and space, it reveals striking continuities between early modern prisons and nineteenth-century penitentiaries, despite reforming ideals that emphasized inmates’ moral rehabilitation. These findings challenge the view that imprisonment became an established punitive measure only in the eighteenth century. The testimonies suggest that confinement had long served not merely to hold suspects pending trial, but also as punishment in its own right. The essay argues for an earlier chronology of punitive imprisonment and highlights the prison’s enduring institutional closure and resistance to change. In the Italian institutions most prominent in the sample, nineteenth-century reform debates brought little immediate improvement in prisoners’ living conditions.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.



