Exploring the regenerative and immunomodulatory potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in gastroenterology and beyond

Introduction: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are being increasingly explored in regenerative medicine because of their accessibility and potent immunomodulatory properties. Their application is gaining traction in gastroenterology, where inflammation and tissue degeneration are central to disease progression. Areas covered: This review aims to provide an in-depth overview of the biological mechanisms, therapeutic effects, and clinical applications of ADMSCs, focusing on gastrointestinal disorders. We conducted a narrative literature review of relevant studies in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, covering key findings from gastroenterology, cardiology, neurology, orthopedics, and plastic surgery (editor comment#4b). Original studies evaluating ADMSCs use in gastroenterology and related medical fields were included. Data were organized to illustrate the cellular pathways, cytokine profiles, and paracrine signaling mechanisms through which ADMSCs exert therapeutic effects. ADMSCs consistently reduced inflammation, enhanced tissue repair, and modulated immune responses. Expert opinion: In gastroenterology, ADMSCs have demonstrated potential in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and liver disorders by promoting mucosal healing and limiting fibrosis. They hold significant promise because of their robust immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Future studies should focus on refining the isolation methods, validating therapeutic protocols, and establishing safety and efficacy through controlled trials to bring ADMSCs into clinical practice.