Mapping early women sociologists and their contribution to sociological knowledge in a transnational space

The sociological canon has historically marginalised women, rendering invisible the contributions of the Early Women Sociologists (EWS) born prior to 1920. This paper addresses this epistemic gap by mapping the presence and theoretical legacies of EWS within contemporary scholarly networks. Based on an international literature review and an online survey involving 76 scholars, the study identifies 45 EWS cited as core references, distinguishing between classical, emerging, and lesser-known figures. The analysis highlights how EWS developed original approaches to social theory and methodology. Their writings reveal pioneering insights into feminism, intersectionality, materialist critiques, standpoint theory, and media studies, grounded in lived experience and practical engagement with social issues. Findings also underscore tensions in the current process of recognition: while some figures are becoming consolidated through historiographical studies, handbooks and university curricula, many remain marginal or absent, reflecting selective logics of canon formation. Recovering and reintroducing these voices thus requires not only filling gaps but critically questioning the epistemic criteria of legitimacy within sociology. The study argues that engaging with EWS enriches social theory, expands disciplinary boundaries, and fosters a more inclusive and increasingly transnational sociology.