This PhD thesis explores the formulation, characterization, and application of innovative plant based sprayable food systems designed for aerosol-spray packaging, with a particular focus on glazes and whipped foams for bakery and confectionery use. The research integrates food formulation science, rheological evaluation, microbiological safety, and nutritional enhancement, demonstrating the technological feasibility and industrial relevance of adapting aerosol spray technology to novel food matrices. The study is structured into three main sections. Section I assesses the applicability of aerosol systems to a commercial plant-based glaze, using ethanol (5–20%) as a preservative. Through microbial challenge tests and physical–rheological analyses, 10% ethanol at 25°C under vacuum was identified as the optimal condition for safety and structural stability. Application trials on croissants showed that aerosol dispensing, especially via bag on valve technology, reduces product waste by 33% and improves hygiene while maintaining colour and texture comparable to traditional brushing. Section II focuses on the design and optimization of a novel sprayable mousse, evaluating and developing more than 17 plant-based formulations containing different fat sources, proteins, carbohydrates, fibres, and emulsifiers. Rheological measurements confirmed that all emulsions exhibited shear thinning behaviour and a predominantly elastic solid-like foam structure (G’ > G’’). Different thermal treatments and homogenization were considered to understand the best processing conditions. Optimal stability was obtained using a formulation rich in vegetable proteins and fibres, processed through a controlled thermal treatment. Section III enhances the optimized “base foam” by incorporating a vegetable extract and assessing the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and carotenoids through in vitro digestion. Extract addition improved the nutritional profile without compromising foams’ structural integrity. Overall, the thesis demonstrates that plant-based glazes and foams can be successfully adapted to aerosol spray systems, offering benefits in sustainability, usability, waste reduction, and potential functional enrichment. The findings provide a solid scientific framework for the industrial development of next-generation sprayable foods.
La presente tesi di dottorato indaga la progettazione, caratterizzazione e applicazione di innovativi sistemi alimentari a base vegetale pensati per il confezionamento in spray-aerosol, con particolare riferimento a glasse e mousse destinate al settore dolciario e prodotti da forno. Il lavoro integra competenze legate alla formulazione alimentare, reologia, sicurezza microbiologica e valorizzazione nutrizionale, dimostrando la fattibilità tecnologica e l’interesse industriale dell’adattamento della tecnologia aerosol a nuove matrici alimentari. La ricerca è stata articolata in tre sezioni. La Sezione I valuta l’applicabilità dell’aerosol a una glassa plant-based commerciale, utilizzando etanolo (5–20%) come conservante. Attraverso challenge test microbiologici e analisi fisico reologiche, la condizione ottimale per ottenere un prodotto stabile e sicuro è risultata 10% di etanolo a 25°C sottovuoto. Le prove applicative su croissant hanno mostrato che l’erogazione aerosol, soprattutto tramite tecnologia bag-on-valve, riduce gli sprechi del 33%, migliora l’igiene e mantiene colore e consistenza analoghi alla spennellatura tradizionale. La Sezione II riguarda lo sviluppo e l’ottimizzazione di una nuova mousse sprayzzabile: sono state testate oltre 17 formulazioni vegetali con differenti grassi, proteine, carboidrati, fibre ed emulsionanti. Le analisi reologiche hanno evidenziato un comportamento pseudoplastico e una struttura della schiuma prevalentemente elastica (G’ > G’’). La stabilità migliore è stata ottenuta con una formulazione ricca in proteine e fibre vegetali, sottoposta a trattamenti termici controllati e omogeneizzazione. La Sezione III prevede l’arricchimento nutrizionale della mousse “base” mediante aggiunta di un estratto vegetale e la valutazione della bioaccessibilità di composti fenolici, antiossidanti e carotenoidi tramite digestione in vitro. L’estratto ha migliorato il profilo nutrizionale e la bioaccessibilità dei composti senza alterare l’integrità strutturale della mousse. Nel complesso, la tesi dimostra che glasse e mousse vegetali possono essere efficacemente adattate a sistemi spray-aerosol, offrendo vantaggi in termini di sostenibilità, riduzione degli sprechi, praticità d’uso e possibilità di arricchimento funzionale. I risultati forniscono basi solide per lo sviluppo industriale di alimenti sprayzzabili di nuova generazione.
Rossetti, Chiara, Innovative sprayable solutions for food: design, rheological characterization, and application studies, Dordoni, Roberta, ,, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore SEDE DI PIACENZA:Ciclo XXXVIII [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/332705]
Innovative sprayable solutions for food: design, rheological characterization, and application studies
Rossetti, Chiara
2026
Abstract
This PhD thesis explores the formulation, characterization, and application of innovative plant based sprayable food systems designed for aerosol-spray packaging, with a particular focus on glazes and whipped foams for bakery and confectionery use. The research integrates food formulation science, rheological evaluation, microbiological safety, and nutritional enhancement, demonstrating the technological feasibility and industrial relevance of adapting aerosol spray technology to novel food matrices. The study is structured into three main sections. Section I assesses the applicability of aerosol systems to a commercial plant-based glaze, using ethanol (5–20%) as a preservative. Through microbial challenge tests and physical–rheological analyses, 10% ethanol at 25°C under vacuum was identified as the optimal condition for safety and structural stability. Application trials on croissants showed that aerosol dispensing, especially via bag on valve technology, reduces product waste by 33% and improves hygiene while maintaining colour and texture comparable to traditional brushing. Section II focuses on the design and optimization of a novel sprayable mousse, evaluating and developing more than 17 plant-based formulations containing different fat sources, proteins, carbohydrates, fibres, and emulsifiers. Rheological measurements confirmed that all emulsions exhibited shear thinning behaviour and a predominantly elastic solid-like foam structure (G’ > G’’). Different thermal treatments and homogenization were considered to understand the best processing conditions. Optimal stability was obtained using a formulation rich in vegetable proteins and fibres, processed through a controlled thermal treatment. Section III enhances the optimized “base foam” by incorporating a vegetable extract and assessing the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and carotenoids through in vitro digestion. Extract addition improved the nutritional profile without compromising foams’ structural integrity. Overall, the thesis demonstrates that plant-based glazes and foams can be successfully adapted to aerosol spray systems, offering benefits in sustainability, usability, waste reduction, and potential functional enrichment. The findings provide a solid scientific framework for the industrial development of next-generation sprayable foods.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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embargo fino al 31/03/2029
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