Endocrine late-effects in survivors of childhood and adolescence cancer: clinical management

Five-year survival rates after childhood cancer have improved in recent decades: despite these promising survival rates, survivorship is associated with a lifelong increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to late effects of cancer and its treatments. Numerous studies have elucidated the long-term health consequences, and endocrine disorders are identified as among the most prevalent ones, impacting over 40% of this population of survivors. Notwithstanding these findings, many healthcare providers remain unaware of the specific endocrinological recommendations and follow up needs of childhood cancer survivors, with the risk of inadequate monitoring and worsening health issues. This manuscript firstly aims to address the late endocrine complications and we would like to present the Italian experience in developing survivorship care model: by sharing these insights, we hope to enhance understanding and improve care strategies for managing the long-term endocrine health of childhood cancer survivors.