The advent, and continuously accelerating evolution, of new ICTs (Information & Communication Technologies) place increasing strain on the way in which our criminal legal system has traditionally offered protection to honour, reputation, and other personality rights. On the one hand, the inherently indeterminate nature of the “microsystem” consisting of the offences of insult and defamation, as well as of their protected interests, has enabled a degree of interpretive flexibility, capable of accommodating – without excessive effort – typologies of aggression that were unforeseeable for the 1930 legislator, as new media progressively became available. On the other hand, the same technological transformation has rendered impossible to ignore the overall irrationality of these provisions, both in themselves (even more so after the 2016 decriminalization of insult) and in their relationship with newly created offences that have accumulated over recent years (most recently with Law No. 132/2025 concerning artificial intelligence). This contribution examines the current regulatory framework governing insult and defamation in order to highlight its (apparent) strengths and its structural weaknesses, whether inherent or connected to the evolution of the information ecosystem brought about by the digital “fourth revolution”. It also seeks to propose, from a criminal-policy perspective, a few suggestions for reform, aimed at rationalising the system and enhancing the effectiveness of provisions designed to protect fundamental personality rights.
L’avvento e la continua, sempre più rapida, evoluzione delle nuove ICT (Information & Communication Technologies) mettono in tensione il modo in cui, tradizionalmente, l’ordinamento penale ha offerto tutela all’onore, alla reputazione e ad altri diritti della personalità. Se, da un lato, la conformazione tutt’altro che determinata del ‘microsistema’ costituito dalle fattispecie di ingiuria (oggi illecito civile) e diffamazione, e dei relativi oggetti di tutela, ne ha consentito una duttilità applicativa capace di incorporare, senza eccessivo sforzo, modalità di offesa imprevedibili per il legislatore del 1930, man mano che nuovi mezzi di comunicazione si rendevano disponibili, per altro verso lo stesso mutamento tecnologico ha reso non più ignorabile la complessiva irrazionalità di queste disposizioni, in sé e nel rapporto con nuove fattispecie via via affastellatesi in anni recenti (da ultimo, con la l.n. 132/2025 in materia di intelligenza artificiale). Il contributo analizza l’attuale assetto normativo in materia di ingiuria e diffamazione per evidenziarne punti di forza (almeno apparenti) e debolezze strutturali, sia originarie sia collegate all’evoluzione dell’ecosistema informativo prodotta dalla ‘quarta rivoluzione’ digitale, e suggerire, in prospettiva politico-criminale, alcune linee di intervento volte alla razionalizzazione e a una maggiore effettività delle disposizioni a tutela dei principali diritti della personalità.
Visconti, A., La repressione delle offese online alla reputazione: tra anomia di contesto e anomia normativa, <<DIRITTO PENALE CONTEMPORANEO>>, 2025; 2025 (3): 219-242 [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/328506]
La repressione delle offese online alla reputazione: tra anomia di contesto e anomia normativa
Visconti, Arianna
2025
Abstract
The advent, and continuously accelerating evolution, of new ICTs (Information & Communication Technologies) place increasing strain on the way in which our criminal legal system has traditionally offered protection to honour, reputation, and other personality rights. On the one hand, the inherently indeterminate nature of the “microsystem” consisting of the offences of insult and defamation, as well as of their protected interests, has enabled a degree of interpretive flexibility, capable of accommodating – without excessive effort – typologies of aggression that were unforeseeable for the 1930 legislator, as new media progressively became available. On the other hand, the same technological transformation has rendered impossible to ignore the overall irrationality of these provisions, both in themselves (even more so after the 2016 decriminalization of insult) and in their relationship with newly created offences that have accumulated over recent years (most recently with Law No. 132/2025 concerning artificial intelligence). This contribution examines the current regulatory framework governing insult and defamation in order to highlight its (apparent) strengths and its structural weaknesses, whether inherent or connected to the evolution of the information ecosystem brought about by the digital “fourth revolution”. It also seeks to propose, from a criminal-policy perspective, a few suggestions for reform, aimed at rationalising the system and enhancing the effectiveness of provisions designed to protect fundamental personality rights.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_DPC_riv. trim._3_2025_visconti_OffeseOnlineReputazione.pdf
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