No More than Double: Can a Single Rule Tame Capitalism?

Capitalism’s defining feature—profit maximization without limits—drives instability, inequality, and environmental degradation. Traditional policies such as taxation and regulation have failed to curb this dynamic because they do not alter firms’ core incentives. This paper proposes a simple yet structural solution: a “maximum allowed profitability” (MAP) rule that caps a firm’s return on equity at twice the median ROE of its peers. Profits exceeding this threshold would be fully taxed, creating a hard limit on excessive profit-seeking and reducing systemic risk. Using ORBIS data for major European economies (2002–2021), we show that profitability distribution is stable, making MAP feasible and easy to implement. Unlike conventional fiscal or monetary tools, MAP directly addresses the prisoner’s dilemma inherent in capitalism, fostering a more balanced economic system. While global coordination is essential, MAP could complement initiatives like the OECD global minimum tax, reshaping incentives toward sustainable growth.