“Limit Situations” and Sociological Theory: Implications for the Study of Vulnerability and Engaged Spirituality

This paper aims to advance sociological theory by systematizing the concept of “limit situation”, a term that Berger employs throughout his work, though only in a hinted and unsystematic manner. To achieve this objective, the paper develops a theoretical framework that incorporates different contributions and perspectives. Within this framework, the concept of “limit situation” translates into an analytical tool for the sociological study of vulnerability, particularly in relation to engaged spirituality. The concept is tested through an empirical study based on in-depth interviews with founders, workers, and volunteers from organizations that provide care for individuals facing vulnerability. The analysis shows that encounters with vulnerability, under specific circumstances, create a liminal situation that promotes spirituality at both existential and operational levels. This process informs the value systems of the involved actors and activates specific social practices and relationships.