Entrepreneurial training: new challenges for the secondary school. Competencies, work guidance, formative leadership education

This paper examines the evolving challenges for entrepreneurship education in secondary schools. It highlights the shift in entrepreneurship education from a narrow focus on business skills to a broader landscape encompassing essential entrepreneurial attitudes, skills and socio-cultural awareness that are crucial for both professional and personal success. The primary objective is to cultivate comprehensive entrepreneurial competencies in students, addressing existing conceptual and practical ambiguities in the field. The article highlights the key role of entrepreneurship education in secondary schools in addressing current socio-economic challenges by fostering soft skills, problem-solving abilities and an innovative mindset. It refers to studies that demonstrate the positive impact of structured entrepreneurship programmes on managing uncertainty and solving complex problems. The essay emphasises the need for a strategic approach that integrates innovative teaching methods, digital resources and systemic implementation, while evaluating pedagogical effectiveness, teacher training and equitable access to resources. Finally, the article outlines the key competences for new entrepreneurs in today's society, including the integration of new media literacy, critical and systemic thinking, sustainability, collaboration and lifelong learning across disciplinary boundaries.