Corporate control: Persistence and the shifting role of control-enhancing mechanisms in Italian listed firms (1978–2018)

This paper analyses the evolution of ownership and control of non-financial listed firms in Italy from 1978 to 2018. Corporate control is persistent in the Italian stock market, and this is a constant trait across time periods. Instead, ownership has changed over time. The use of control-enhancing mechanisms and, relatedly, the wedge has followed an irregular path. Legal and market conditions significantly influence how controlling shareholders structure their ownership and control over time. Family capitalism remains pervasive.