Biomechanical and Biological Multidisciplinary Strategies in the Orthodontic Treatment of Patients with Periodontal Diseases: A Review of the Literature

Orthodontic treatment aims to correct malocclusions and ensure the overall health and stability of the periodontium. The relationship between orthodontic therapy and periodontal health is intricate and multifaceted, and a comprehensive approach is often required to achieve optimal outcomes. Firstly, this article delves into the impact of orthodontic mechanics on periodontal tissues, emphasizing the importance of minimizing iatrogenic effects such as root resorption and gingival recession. Understanding the biomechanical principles allows for the development of treatment plans that mitigate these risks while achieving the desired tooth movement. Effective communication and coordinated treatment protocols are essential for managing periodontal issues before, during, and after orthodontic intervention. To optimize outcomes, periodontal considerations such as gingival biotype, attachment levels, and bone support must be integrated into treatment planning. Additionally, adjunctive periodontal therapies such as selective alveolar decortication and regenerative procedures are explored as valuable tools to enhance periodontal support and optimize treatment outcomes. This narrative review explores strategies to attain periodontal goals in orthodontic patients, thereby facilitating successful treatment. Furthermore, the review examines the role of interdisciplinary collaborations between orthodontists and periodontists. In conclusion, achieving periodontal goals in orthodontic patients requires a comprehensive approach that addresses biomechanical principles, interdisciplinary collaboration, patient education, and adjunctive periodontal therapies. By integrating periodontal considerations into orthodontic treatment planning and execution, clinicians can ensure straight teeth and a healthy and stable periodontium, ultimately leading to successful treatment outcomes and long-term oral health.