Background: Nutritional status is a critical factor throughout COVID-19 disease course. Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Aim: To assess the prevalence of malnutrition and identify its associated factors in COVID-19 survivors. Methods: Study cohort included 1230 COVID-19 survivors aged 18-86 attending a post-COVID-19 outpatient service. Data on clinical parameters, anthropometry, acute COVID-19 symptoms, lifestyle habits were collected through a comprehensive medical assessment. Malnutrition was assessed according to Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Results: Prevalence of malnutrition was 22% at 4-5 months after acute disease. Participants who were not hospitalized during acute COVID-19 showed a higher frequency of malnutrition compared to those who needed hospitalization (26% versus 19%, p < 0.01). Malnutrition was found in 25% COVID-19 survivors over 65 years of age compared to 21% younger participants (p < 0.01). After multivariable adjustment, the likelihood of being malnourished increased progressively and independently with advancing age (Odds ratio [OR] 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03) and in male participants (OR 5.56; 95% CI 3.53-8.74). Malnutrition was associated with loss of appetite (OR 2.50; 95% CI 1.73-3.62), and dysgeusia (OR 4.05; 95% CI 2.30-7.21) during acute COVID-19. Discussion: In the present investigation we showed that malnutrition was highly prevalent in a large cohort of COVID-19 survivors at 4-5 months from acute illness. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need to implement comprehensive nutritional assessment and therapy as an integral part of care for COVID-19 patients.
Tosato, M., Calvani, R., Ciciarello, F., Galluzzo, V., Martone, A. M., Zazzara, M. B., Pais, C., Savera, G., Camprubi Robles, M., Ramirez, M., Landi, F., Landi, F., Gremese, E., Bernabei, R., Fantoni, M., Gasbarrini, A., Tosato, M., Romano Settanni, C., Porcari, S., Benvenuto, F., Bramato, G., Brandi, V., Carfì, A., Ciciarello, F., Rita Lo Monaco, M., Maria Martone, A., Marzetti, E., Napolitano, C., Galluzzo, V., Pagano, F., Pais, C., Rocchi, S., Rota, E., Salerno, A., Tosato, M., Tritto, M., Calvani, R., Beatrice Zazzara, M., Catalano, L., Picca, A., Savera, G., D’Elia, M., Biscotti, D., Cauda, R., Murri, R., Cingolani, A., Ventura, G., Taddei, E., Moschese, D., Ciccullo, A., Fantoni, M., Stella, L., Addolorato, G., Franceschi, F., Mingrone, G., Assunta Zocco, M., Sanguinetti, M., Cattani Franchi, P., Marchetti, S., Posteraro, B., Sali, M., Bizzarro, A., Lauria, A., Rizzo, S., Savastano, M. C., Gambini, G., Maria Cozzupoli, G., Culiersi, C., Passali, G. C., Paludetti, G., Galli, J., Crudo, F., Di Cintio, G., Longobardi, Y., Tricarico, L., Santantonio, M., Di Cesare, T., Guarino, M., Corbò, M., Settimi, S., Mele, D., Brigato, F., Buonsenso, D., Valentini, P., Sinatti, D., De Rose, G., Richeldi, L., Lombardi, F., Calabrese, A., Varone, F., Maria Leone, P., Siciliano, M., Corbo, G. M., Montemurro, G., Calvello, M., Intini, E., Simonetti, J., Pasciuto, G., Adiletta, V., Sofia, C., Angela Licata, M., Sani, G., Janiri, D., Simonetti, A., Modica, M., Silvia, M., Catinari, A., Terenzi, B., Natale, L., Larici, A. R., Marano, R., Pirronti, T., Infante, A., Paglionico, A., Petricca, L., Tolusso, B., Alivernini, S., Di Mario, C., Santoliquido, A., Santoro, L., Nesci, A., Di Giorgio, A., D’Alessandro, A., Malnutrition in COVID-19 survivors: prevalence and risk factors, <<AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH>>, 2023; (N/A): N/A-N/A. [doi:10.1007/s40520-023-02526-4] [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/250568]
Malnutrition in COVID-19 survivors: prevalence and risk factors
Tosato, Matteo;Calvani, Riccardo
;Ciciarello, Francesca;Galluzzo, Vincenzo;Martone, Anna Maria;Zazzara, Maria Beatrice;Savera, Giulia;Landi, Francesco;Gremese, Elisa;Bernabei, Roberto;Fantoni, Massimo;Marzetti, Emanuele;Cauda, Roberto;Ventura, Giulio;Addolorato, Giovanni;Franceschi, Francesco;Sanguinetti, Maurizio;Cattani Franchi, Paola;Posteraro, Brunella;Rizzo, Stanislao;Savastano, Maria Cristina;Passali, Giulio Cesare;Galli, Jacopo;Valentini, Piero;Richeldi, Luca;Corbo, Giuseppe Maria;Sani, Gabriele;Natale, Luigi;Larici, Anna Rita;Marano, Riccardo;Alivernini, Stefano;Santoliquido, Angelo;
2023
Abstract
Background: Nutritional status is a critical factor throughout COVID-19 disease course. Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Aim: To assess the prevalence of malnutrition and identify its associated factors in COVID-19 survivors. Methods: Study cohort included 1230 COVID-19 survivors aged 18-86 attending a post-COVID-19 outpatient service. Data on clinical parameters, anthropometry, acute COVID-19 symptoms, lifestyle habits were collected through a comprehensive medical assessment. Malnutrition was assessed according to Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Results: Prevalence of malnutrition was 22% at 4-5 months after acute disease. Participants who were not hospitalized during acute COVID-19 showed a higher frequency of malnutrition compared to those who needed hospitalization (26% versus 19%, p < 0.01). Malnutrition was found in 25% COVID-19 survivors over 65 years of age compared to 21% younger participants (p < 0.01). After multivariable adjustment, the likelihood of being malnourished increased progressively and independently with advancing age (Odds ratio [OR] 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03) and in male participants (OR 5.56; 95% CI 3.53-8.74). Malnutrition was associated with loss of appetite (OR 2.50; 95% CI 1.73-3.62), and dysgeusia (OR 4.05; 95% CI 2.30-7.21) during acute COVID-19. Discussion: In the present investigation we showed that malnutrition was highly prevalent in a large cohort of COVID-19 survivors at 4-5 months from acute illness. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need to implement comprehensive nutritional assessment and therapy as an integral part of care for COVID-19 patients.
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