Background: Cardiovascular sequelae after COVID-19 are frequent. However, the predictors for their occurrence are still unknown. In this study, we aimed to assess whether myocardial injury during COVID-19 hospitalization is associated to CV sequelae and death after hospital discharge. Methods: In this prospective observational study, consecutive patients who were admitted for COVID-19 in a metropolitan COVID-19 hub in Italy, between March 2021 and January 2022, with a >= 1 assessment of high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) were included in the study, if they were alive at hospital discharge. Myocardial injury was defined as elevation hs-cTnI > 99th percentile of the upper reference limit. The incidence of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE, including cardiovascular death, admission for acute or chronic coronary syndrome, hospitalization for heart failure, and stroke/transient ischemic attack) at follow-up were the primary outcomes. Arrhythmias, inflammatory heart diseases, and/or thrombotic disorders were analyzed as well. Results: Among the 701 COVID-19 survivors (mean age 66.4 +/- 14.4 years, 40.2% female), myocardial injury occurred in 75 (10.7%) patients. At a median follow-up of 270 days (IQR 165, 380), all-cause mortality (21.3% vs. 6.1%, p < 0.001), MACCE (25.3% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001), arrhythmias (9.3% vs. 5.0%, p = 0.034), and inflammatory heart disease (8.0% vs. 1.1%, p < 0.001) were more frequent in patients with myocardial injury compared to those without. At multivariate analysis, myocardial injury (HR 1.95 [95% CI:1.05-3.61]), age (HR 1.09 [95% CI:1.06-1.12]), and chronic kidney disease (HR 2.63 [95% CI:1.33-5.21]) were independent predictors of death. Myocardial injury (HR 3.92 [95% CI:2.07-7.42]), age (HR 1.05 [95% CI:1.02-1.08]), and diabetes (HR 2.35 [95% CI:1.25-4.43]) were independent predictors of MACCE. Conclusion: In COVID-19 survivors, myocardial injury during the hospital stay portends a higher risk of mortality and cardiovascular sequelae and could be considered for the risk stratification of COVID-19 sequelae in patients who are successfully discharged.
Rinaldi, R., Basile, M., Salzillo, C., Grieco, D. L., Caffè, A., Masciocchi, C., Lilli, L., Damiani, A., La Vecchia, G., Iannaccone, G., Bonanni, A., De Pascale, G., Murri, R., Fantoni, M., Liuzzo, G., Sanna, T., Massetti, M., Gasbarrini, A., Valentini, V., Antonelli, M., Crea, F., Montone, R. A., On Behalf Of The Gemelli Against Covid Group, N., Myocardial Injury Portends a Higher Risk of Mortality and Long-Term Cardiovascular Sequelae after Hospital Discharge in COVID-19 Survivors, <<JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE>>, n/a; 11 (19): 5964-N/A. [doi:10.3390/jcm11195964] [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/226997]
Myocardial Injury Portends a Higher Risk of Mortality and Long-Term Cardiovascular Sequelae after Hospital Discharge in COVID-19 Survivors
Rinaldi, Riccardo;Basile, Mattia;Salzillo, Carmine;Masciocchi, Carlotta;Lilli, Livia;Damiani, Andrea;La Vecchia, Giulia;Iannaccone, Giulia;Bonanni, Alice;De Pascale, Gennaro;Murri, Rita;Fantoni, Massimo;Liuzzo, Giovanna;Sanna, Tommaso;Massetti, Massimo;Gasbarrini, Antonio;Valentini, Vincenzo;Antonelli, Massimo;Crea, Filippo;Montone, Rocco Antonio;
2022
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular sequelae after COVID-19 are frequent. However, the predictors for their occurrence are still unknown. In this study, we aimed to assess whether myocardial injury during COVID-19 hospitalization is associated to CV sequelae and death after hospital discharge. Methods: In this prospective observational study, consecutive patients who were admitted for COVID-19 in a metropolitan COVID-19 hub in Italy, between March 2021 and January 2022, with a >= 1 assessment of high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) were included in the study, if they were alive at hospital discharge. Myocardial injury was defined as elevation hs-cTnI > 99th percentile of the upper reference limit. The incidence of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE, including cardiovascular death, admission for acute or chronic coronary syndrome, hospitalization for heart failure, and stroke/transient ischemic attack) at follow-up were the primary outcomes. Arrhythmias, inflammatory heart diseases, and/or thrombotic disorders were analyzed as well. Results: Among the 701 COVID-19 survivors (mean age 66.4 +/- 14.4 years, 40.2% female), myocardial injury occurred in 75 (10.7%) patients. At a median follow-up of 270 days (IQR 165, 380), all-cause mortality (21.3% vs. 6.1%, p < 0.001), MACCE (25.3% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001), arrhythmias (9.3% vs. 5.0%, p = 0.034), and inflammatory heart disease (8.0% vs. 1.1%, p < 0.001) were more frequent in patients with myocardial injury compared to those without. At multivariate analysis, myocardial injury (HR 1.95 [95% CI:1.05-3.61]), age (HR 1.09 [95% CI:1.06-1.12]), and chronic kidney disease (HR 2.63 [95% CI:1.33-5.21]) were independent predictors of death. Myocardial injury (HR 3.92 [95% CI:2.07-7.42]), age (HR 1.05 [95% CI:1.02-1.08]), and diabetes (HR 2.35 [95% CI:1.25-4.43]) were independent predictors of MACCE. Conclusion: In COVID-19 survivors, myocardial injury during the hospital stay portends a higher risk of mortality and cardiovascular sequelae and could be considered for the risk stratification of COVID-19 sequelae in patients who are successfully discharged.
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