The History of US public administration can be analyzed from two parallel standpoints: on the one hand it is possible to observe the historical development of institutional practices and rules strictly related to the President and his range of executive action; on the other, it is possible to follow the process of administrative reforms that occurred to the apparatuses and bureaucracies belonging to the executive branch, often referred to as Presidency. The institutional relationship between the President and the Presidency is therefore one of the crucial points in understanding the complexity of the US constitutional system, since it may also include the intervention of the two other branches of government, legislative and judiciary. This essay aims at examining the topic of presidential relations within the executive branch by taking into consideration the peculiar case of Ronald Reagan presidency and the administrative reforms carried out during his mandate, with specific regard to the management of environmental policies. During the 1980s, driven by the energy crisis of the previous decade, the problems relating to air pollution and the impact of carbon emissions on health of citizens entered fully into the political agenda of the Western states, becoming eventually the object of specific international agreements. Despite the total absence of environment topics in his reform agenda, mainly focused on the re-launch of the economy and industrial recovery, the conservative-republican President Ronald Reagan was inevitably forced to confront with the raising international awareness on the topic of environmental protection, whilst trying at the same time to resist the web of federal rules and apparatuses addressing the issue, which had the potential to jeopardize his economic plans. The analysis of the relationship between the President and the Presidency in the management of environmental issues, still not thoroughly examined in the literature, may shed light to new insights as to the effective space for discretionary action of the American President at the end of the 1900s.
La storia dell’amministrazione americana concerne, da un lato, le norme e le prassi istituzionali che riguardano direttamente il Presidente e il suo spazio di azione esecutivo e, dall’altro, gli sviluppi storico-istituzionali degli apparati amministrativi in cui si sostanzia la cosiddetta Presidenza. Il rapporto fra Presidente e Presidenza, nel mezzo del quale può intervenire anche l’azione dei rami legislativo e giudiziario, è dunque uno dei nodi cruciali nella comprensione della complessità del sistema costituzionale statunitense. Questo saggio si propone di esaminare il tema attraverso l’analisi della presidenza Reagan e delle riforme amministrative promosse nel corso del suo mandato, con particolare riguardo alla gestione delle politiche ambientali. Nel corso degli anni ‘80, sulla spinta della crisi energetica del decennio precedente, le problematiche relative all’inquinamento atmosferico e all’impatto delle emissioni di carbonio sulla salute dei cittadini entrarono infatti a pieno titolo nell’agenda politica degli stati occidentali, divenendo anche oggetto di specifici accordi internazionali. Anche un Presidente come Ronald Reagan, il cui progetto di rilancio dell’economia nazionale non contemplava alcun obiettivo di natura ecologica, dovette dunque confrontarsi da un lato con la crescente sensibilità internazionale sui temi e, dall’altro, con un già strutturato sistema di apparati amministrativi federali e di vincoli normativi nazionali che avrebbero potuto imbrigliare le proprie iniziative politiche. L’analisi dei rapporti fra Presidente e Presidenza nella gestione delle questioni ambientali, tuttora poco approfondita dalla letteratura, rientra dunque a pieno titolo negli ambiti di indagine utili a constatare l’effettivo spazio di azione discrezionale del Presidente americano alla fine del ‘900.
Bon, C., Di Gregorio, L., Il controverso rapporto fra Presidente e Presidenza: Ronald Reagan e la gestione delle politiche ambientali, <<GIORNALE DI STORIA COSTITUZIONALE>>, 2022; vol. 44 (2): 279-299 [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/221930]
Il controverso rapporto fra Presidente e Presidenza: Ronald Reagan e la gestione delle politiche ambientali
Bon, Cristina
;Di Gregorio, Ludovica
2022
Abstract
The History of US public administration can be analyzed from two parallel standpoints: on the one hand it is possible to observe the historical development of institutional practices and rules strictly related to the President and his range of executive action; on the other, it is possible to follow the process of administrative reforms that occurred to the apparatuses and bureaucracies belonging to the executive branch, often referred to as Presidency. The institutional relationship between the President and the Presidency is therefore one of the crucial points in understanding the complexity of the US constitutional system, since it may also include the intervention of the two other branches of government, legislative and judiciary. This essay aims at examining the topic of presidential relations within the executive branch by taking into consideration the peculiar case of Ronald Reagan presidency and the administrative reforms carried out during his mandate, with specific regard to the management of environmental policies. During the 1980s, driven by the energy crisis of the previous decade, the problems relating to air pollution and the impact of carbon emissions on health of citizens entered fully into the political agenda of the Western states, becoming eventually the object of specific international agreements. Despite the total absence of environment topics in his reform agenda, mainly focused on the re-launch of the economy and industrial recovery, the conservative-republican President Ronald Reagan was inevitably forced to confront with the raising international awareness on the topic of environmental protection, whilst trying at the same time to resist the web of federal rules and apparatuses addressing the issue, which had the potential to jeopardize his economic plans. The analysis of the relationship between the President and the Presidency in the management of environmental issues, still not thoroughly examined in the literature, may shed light to new insights as to the effective space for discretionary action of the American President at the end of the 1900s.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.