The first three chapters of the so-called 'Excerpts from Theodotus' make up the first of the 13 fragments that are recognizable within this opusculum by Clement of Alexandria based on the indications of the ms. Laurentianus 5.3. They are fragments taken not directly from Gnostic sources by Clement, but selected during the 3rd century by an anonymous person from other writings by Clement, probably the lost Hypotyposeis. As in the other fragments, Clement summarizes and sometimes quotes anonymous Valentinian sources. In Fragment 1, concerning the exegesis of Luke 23:46, the summary extends from Exc. 1.1 and Exc. 2.2, but it includes a brief literal quote (Exc. 1.3) of a particular Valentinian source ('Source of the We'). Only at the end does Clement illustrate his doctrine (Exc. 3,1-2). Scholars usually think that the author of the gnostic source of Exc. 1-3 and most of the Excerpta is Theodotus. In actual fact, this attribution is fairly reckless, because it is based only on the title of the collection, which is understood incorrectly, and on only five marginal citations of the name of Theodotus. In Fragment 1 the name of Theodotus is absent, but it is usually implied as the subject of an anonymous 'he says' (Exc. 1,1b), based on the comparison with Exc. 25-26 where the name of Theodotus appears. The two passages are coherent from the doctrinal point of view and most probably they are derived from the same Valentinian source, as Clement himself says (Exc. 2.1 and 25.1). But the analysis of the way in which the name of Theodotus is quoted reveals that he must be distinguished from the guiding source and that he serves only as a comparison. So, lacking other sources, the clues to say that Theodotus is a Valentinian, that he belongs to the 'Eastern school' and that the Excerpta retain many fragments taken from his writings, are very weak. Indeed, if Theodotus were not a Valentinian, there would no longer be the preclusions to verify the identification with Theodotus of Byzantium, who lived in the same period and was a supporter of the 'adoptionist' heresy.

I primi tre capitoli dei cosiddetti 'Estratti da Teodoto' costituiscono il primo dei 13 frammenti riconoscibili all'interno di questo opuscolum di Clemente Alessandrino sulla base delle indicazioni del ms. Laurenziano 5.3. Si tratta di frammenti prelevati non direttamente da fonti gnostiche da Clemente, ma selezionati da un anonimo nel corso del III secolo da altri scritti di Clemente, probabilmente le perdute Hypotyposeis. Come negli altri frammenti, Clemente riassume e talvolta cita fonti anonime valentiniane. Nel frammento 1, relativo all'esegesi di Luca 23,46, il riassunto si estende da Exc. 1.1 a Exc. 2.2, ma include una breve citazione letterale (Exc. 1.3) di una particolare fonte valentiniana ('Fonte del Noi'). Solo alla fine Clemente illustra la sua dottrina (Exc. 3,1-2). Gli studiosi di solito pensano che l'autore della fonte gnostica di Exc. 1-3 e della maggior parte degli Excerpta sia Teodoto. In realtà, questa attribuzione è abbastanza avventata, perché si basa solo sul titolo della raccolta, che è inteso in modo errato, e solo su cinque citazioni marginali del nome di Teodoto. Nel frammento 1 il nome di Teodoto è assente, ma è solitamente inteso come implicito in quanto soggetto di un anonimo 'dice' (Exc. 1,1b), sulla base del confronto con Exc. 25-26 dove compare il nome di Teodoto. I due brani sono coerenti dal punto di vista dottrinale e molto probabilmente derivano dalla stessa fonte valentiniana, come dice lo stesso Clemente (Exc. 2,1 e 25,1). Ma l'analisi del modo in cui viene citato il nome di Teodoto rivela che deve essere distinto dalla fonte guida e che funge solo da paragone. Quindi, in mancanza di altre fonti, gli indizi per dire che Teodoto è valentiniano, che appartiene alla 'scuola orientale' e che gli Excerpta conservano numerosi frammenti tratti dai suoi scritti, sono molto deboli. Così, se Teodoto non fosse valentiniano, non ci sarebbero più le preclusioni per verificare l'identificazione con Teodoto di Bisanzio, vissuto nello stesso periodo e sostenitore dell'eresia 'adozionista'.

Chiapparini, G., The Theodotus of Clement of Alexandria was not a Valentinian? Analysis of Excerpts from Theodotus 1-3, Paper, in Studia Patristica. Vol. CXXVI - Papers presented at the Eighteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies held in Oxford 2019; Volume 23: Apocrypha et Gnostica; Ignatius of Antioch - The Mysterious Bishop; The Second and Third Centuries, (Oxford (UK), 19-23 August 2019), Peeters, Leuven (Belgium) Paris (France) Bristol, CT 2021:<<STUDIA PATRISTICA>>,2021 / 126 55-68 [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/218410]

The Theodotus of Clement of Alexandria was not a Valentinian? Analysis of Excerpts from Theodotus 1-3

Chiapparini, Giuliano
Primo
2021

Abstract

The first three chapters of the so-called 'Excerpts from Theodotus' make up the first of the 13 fragments that are recognizable within this opusculum by Clement of Alexandria based on the indications of the ms. Laurentianus 5.3. They are fragments taken not directly from Gnostic sources by Clement, but selected during the 3rd century by an anonymous person from other writings by Clement, probably the lost Hypotyposeis. As in the other fragments, Clement summarizes and sometimes quotes anonymous Valentinian sources. In Fragment 1, concerning the exegesis of Luke 23:46, the summary extends from Exc. 1.1 and Exc. 2.2, but it includes a brief literal quote (Exc. 1.3) of a particular Valentinian source ('Source of the We'). Only at the end does Clement illustrate his doctrine (Exc. 3,1-2). Scholars usually think that the author of the gnostic source of Exc. 1-3 and most of the Excerpta is Theodotus. In actual fact, this attribution is fairly reckless, because it is based only on the title of the collection, which is understood incorrectly, and on only five marginal citations of the name of Theodotus. In Fragment 1 the name of Theodotus is absent, but it is usually implied as the subject of an anonymous 'he says' (Exc. 1,1b), based on the comparison with Exc. 25-26 where the name of Theodotus appears. The two passages are coherent from the doctrinal point of view and most probably they are derived from the same Valentinian source, as Clement himself says (Exc. 2.1 and 25.1). But the analysis of the way in which the name of Theodotus is quoted reveals that he must be distinguished from the guiding source and that he serves only as a comparison. So, lacking other sources, the clues to say that Theodotus is a Valentinian, that he belongs to the 'Eastern school' and that the Excerpta retain many fragments taken from his writings, are very weak. Indeed, if Theodotus were not a Valentinian, there would no longer be the preclusions to verify the identification with Theodotus of Byzantium, who lived in the same period and was a supporter of the 'adoptionist' heresy.
2021
Inglese
Studia Patristica. Vol. CXXVI - Papers presented at the Eighteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies held in Oxford 2019; Volume 23: Apocrypha et Gnostica; Ignatius of Antioch - The Mysterious Bishop; The Second and Third Centuries
International Conference on Patristic Studies
Oxford (UK)
Paper
19-ago-2019
23-ago-2019
9789042947801
Peeters
Chiapparini, G., The Theodotus of Clement of Alexandria was not a Valentinian? Analysis of Excerpts from Theodotus 1-3, Paper, in Studia Patristica. Vol. CXXVI - Papers presented at the Eighteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies held in Oxford 2019; Volume 23: Apocrypha et Gnostica; Ignatius of Antioch - The Mysterious Bishop; The Second and Third Centuries, (Oxford (UK), 19-23 August 2019), Peeters, Leuven (Belgium) Paris (France) Bristol, CT 2021:<<STUDIA PATRISTICA>>,2021 / 126 55-68 [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/218410]
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