Effect of Endurance and Strength Training on the Slow Component of O 2 Kinetics in Elderly Humans

We compared the effects of 8 weeks of high intensity, aerobic interval training (HIT) and isoinertial resistance training (IR7) on: (i) (V) over dotO(2) kinetics during heavy (HiEx) intensity exercise and; (ii) work economy during moderate (ModEx) intensity exercise in 12 healthy elderly men (69.3 +/- 4.2 years). Breath-by-breath (V) over dotO(2) and muscle deoxygenation ([HHb] by means of NIRS) were measured in HiEx and ModEx at identical workloads before and after trainings. In HiEx, (V) over dotO(2) and HHb responses were modeled as tri-exponential and mono-exponential increasing functions, respectively. A two-way ANOVA for repeated measures analysis was made; Effect size (eta(2)) was also evaluated. After HIT the amplitude and the time delay of the slow component of O-2 uptake ((V) over dotO(2sc)) during HiEx were smaller (-32%; P = 0.045) and longer (+19.5%; P = 0.001), respectively. At Post IRT: (i) during ModEx, gain was lower (-5%; P = 0.050); (ii) during HiEx, tau(2) (+14.4%; P = 0.050), d(3) (+8.6%; P = 0.050), and tau(3) (+17.2%; P = 0.050) were longer than at Pre IRT. After HIT, the decrease of the (V) over dotO(2sc) amplitude was likely induced by the beneficial effects of training on a more responsive O-2 delivery and consumption cascade leading to a better muscle metabolic stability. IRT training was able to increase exercise economy during ModEx and to reduce the amplitude and delay the onset of (V) over dotO(2sc) during HiEx. These effects should be due to the reduction and the delayed recruitment of Type II muscle fibers. The better exercise economy and the delayed appearance of (V) over dotO(2sc) induced by IRT suggests that strength training might be included in endurance training programs to improve exercise economy and resistance to fatigue in this population of old subjects.