As well as being the last of the Italian states to be hit by the cholera epidemic of 1836-37, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was also the one with the heaviest death toll, both in absolute terms and in relation to the population. In addition to the huge loss of human life, there was also economic damage, due to the measures to combat the epidemic - from the sanitary cordons on land and at sea to the opening of suburban cemeteries - and the restrictions imposed on trade. From the dramatic sanitary situation, the Kingdom emerged significantly affected in its demographic structure and impoverished. The historical reconstruction of the impact of cholera on southern society highlights its many repercussions at a political level - with the highly topical dilemma between containing the contagions and safeguarding productive activities -, at a regulatory and medical level (scientists are divided between epidemicists and contagionists while the most fanciful theories about the origin of the disease proliferate). But cholera did not only bring death, pain and misery: public hygiene policies, burial methods, the centre-periphery dialectic at the administrative level changed, with a certain degree of autonomy gained by local authorities. These led to original developments and a certain modernisation of a still autocratic state
Ultimo fra gli Stati italiani a essere colpito dall’epidemia di colera del 1836-37, il Regno delle Due Sicilie era anche quello che riportava il più pesante bilancio di vittime, tanto in valori assoluti quanto in rapporto alla popolazione. All’ingente perdita di vite umane si aggiungevano i danni economici, legati alle prime misure di contrasto dell’epidemia – dai cordoni sanitari terrestri e marittimi all’apertura dei cimiteri extraurbani – e alle limitazioni imposte ai traffici commerciali. Dalla drammatica congiuntura sanitaria, il Regno usciva sensibilmente colpito nella sua struttura demografica e impoverito. La ricostruzione storica dell’impatto del colera sulla società meridionale ne evidenzia le molte ripercussioni a livello politico – con il dilemma, peraltro attualissimo, tra contenere i contagi e salvaguardare le attività produttive –, normativo e medico (gli scienziati si dividono tra epidemisti e contagionisti mentre proliferano le teorie più fantasiose circa l’origine del morbo). Ma il colera non portò solo morte, dolore e miseria: cambiarono le politiche di igiene pubblica, le modalità di sepoltura, la dialettica centro-periferia a livello amministrativo, con un certo grado di autonomia guadagnato dalle autorità locali. Esiti che portarono a sviluppi originali e alla timida modernizzazione di uno Stato ancora autocratico
Tanturri, A., Il "flagello delle Indie". L'epidemia colerica del 1836-37 nel Mezzogiorno, MORCELLIANA, Brescia 2022:<<STORIA>>, 282 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/210842]
Il "flagello delle Indie". L'epidemia colerica del 1836-37 nel Mezzogiorno
Tanturri, Alberto
2022
Abstract
As well as being the last of the Italian states to be hit by the cholera epidemic of 1836-37, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was also the one with the heaviest death toll, both in absolute terms and in relation to the population. In addition to the huge loss of human life, there was also economic damage, due to the measures to combat the epidemic - from the sanitary cordons on land and at sea to the opening of suburban cemeteries - and the restrictions imposed on trade. From the dramatic sanitary situation, the Kingdom emerged significantly affected in its demographic structure and impoverished. The historical reconstruction of the impact of cholera on southern society highlights its many repercussions at a political level - with the highly topical dilemma between containing the contagions and safeguarding productive activities -, at a regulatory and medical level (scientists are divided between epidemicists and contagionists while the most fanciful theories about the origin of the disease proliferate). But cholera did not only bring death, pain and misery: public hygiene policies, burial methods, the centre-periphery dialectic at the administrative level changed, with a certain degree of autonomy gained by local authorities. These led to original developments and a certain modernisation of a still autocratic stateI documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.