The immune checkpoint cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an inhibitory regulator of T-cell mediated responses that has been investigated as target of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for cancer immunotherapy. The anti-CTLA-4 mAb ipilimumab represents the first immune checkpoint inhibitor that significantly improved overall survival in patients with unresectable/metastatic melanoma. The subsequent approved indications (often in the first-line setting) for melanoma and other advanced/metastatic solid tumors always require ipilimumab combination with nivolumab, an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) mAb. However, the improved clinical efficacy of the mAb combination is associated with increased immune-related adverse events, which might require treatment discontinuation even in responding patients. This drawback is expected to be overcome by the recent development of anti-CTLA-4 probodies proteolitycally activated in the tumor microenvironment and bispecific molecules targeting both CTLA-4 and PD-1, whose co-expression is characteristic of tumor-infiltrating T cells. These molecules would preferentially stimulate immune responses against the tumor, reducing toxicity toward normal tissues.

Lisi, L., Lacal, P. M., Martire, M., Navarra, P., Graziani, G., Clinical experience with CTLA-4 blockade for cancer immunotherapy: From the monospecific monoclonal antibody ipilimumab to probodies and bispecific molecules targeting the tumor microenvironment, <<PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH>>, 2022; 175 (2022): 105997-N/A. [doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105997] [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/203185]

Clinical experience with CTLA-4 blockade for cancer immunotherapy: From the monospecific monoclonal antibody ipilimumab to probodies and bispecific molecules targeting the tumor microenvironment

Lisi, Lucia
Primo
;
Martire, Maria;Navarra, Pierluigi
Penultimo
;
Graziani, Giovanni
2022

Abstract

The immune checkpoint cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an inhibitory regulator of T-cell mediated responses that has been investigated as target of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for cancer immunotherapy. The anti-CTLA-4 mAb ipilimumab represents the first immune checkpoint inhibitor that significantly improved overall survival in patients with unresectable/metastatic melanoma. The subsequent approved indications (often in the first-line setting) for melanoma and other advanced/metastatic solid tumors always require ipilimumab combination with nivolumab, an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) mAb. However, the improved clinical efficacy of the mAb combination is associated with increased immune-related adverse events, which might require treatment discontinuation even in responding patients. This drawback is expected to be overcome by the recent development of anti-CTLA-4 probodies proteolitycally activated in the tumor microenvironment and bispecific molecules targeting both CTLA-4 and PD-1, whose co-expression is characteristic of tumor-infiltrating T cells. These molecules would preferentially stimulate immune responses against the tumor, reducing toxicity toward normal tissues.
2022
Inglese
Lisi, L., Lacal, P. M., Martire, M., Navarra, P., Graziani, G., Clinical experience with CTLA-4 blockade for cancer immunotherapy: From the monospecific monoclonal antibody ipilimumab to probodies and bispecific molecules targeting the tumor microenvironment, <<PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH>>, 2022; 175 (2022): 105997-N/A. [doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105997] [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/203185]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10807/203185
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