Pugna por las conciencias. La Santa Sede y la cuestión educativa en el México de los años Treinta

Since the beginnings of the Thirties, freedom of education became a benchmark for assessing the situation of Mexican Catholicism from the Holy See’s perspective. The essay sheds light particularly on the enseñanza socialista (socialist education) actively promoted by president Lázaro Cárdenas’ government following the reform of Article 3 of the Querétaro Constitution, focusing on the attitude shown by the Vatican Secretariat of State in the confrontation between the intransigence of the Apostolic Delegation and the more pragmatic stance adopted by some Mexican bishops.