Among the events planned to mark the first centenary of Garibaldi’s birth (4 July 1907), the municipal authorities in Milan organized a special commemorative program for the city’s elementary schools, including lectures at individual schools, the distribution of Storia dei Mille narrata ai giovinetti [History of the Thousand as told to young people] by Giuseppe Cesare Abba, and the parading of a delegation of elementary students in front of the Garibaldi monument in Largo Cairoli. Numerous scholarly publications have examined perceptions of Garibaldi and the impact of the mythography surrounding him in post-Unification Italy. In recent years, key analyses have been undertaken - within broader inquiry into the development of a civic religion for the newly united nation - on how this religion was introduced into schools and how the education system contributed to shaping a national identity. No existing study, however, has examined the role of schools in building up a public image of the “hero of two worlds” as part of the effort to construct a shared memory of the national unification process. This essay is intended to fill that gap, albeit only in part, by presenting research on the involvement of elementary schools, specifically in the city of Milan, in commemorations of Garibaldi on the first centenary of his birth. The primary focus of the study was to investigate the image of Garibaldi transmitted by elementary teachers in the classroom. To this end, contemporary education journals published locally in Milan – as well as those with national circulation that were likely to have been consumed by the city’s elementary teachers – were analysed with a view to reconstructing the cultural message then on offer about Garibaldi. This line of inquiry was completed by examining biographies of Garibaldi, in some cases authored by schoolteachers, that were advertised in the above-mentioned periodicals, and had been published for the centenary with a child readership in mind. Further analysis was devoted to assessing how this specific instance of patriotic pedagogy was actually received: the voices of elementary pupils were accessed via a corpus of documentary material held in the archives of the City of Milan, including a large number of letters sent by schoolchildren to the education councillor of the day to thank him for giving them the opportunity to participate in the centenary celebrations.

Nel quadro degli eventi programmati per la celebrazione del primo centenario della nascita di Garibaldi (4 luglio 1907), il Comune di Milano predispose una speciale commemorazione destinata alle scuole elementari cittadine che comprendeva, tra l’altro, lo svolgimento di conferenze presso i singoli istituti, la distribuzione della Storia dei Mille narrata ai giovinetti scritta da Giuseppe Cesare Abba, la sfilata di una rappresentanza degli alunni davanti al monumento di Garibaldi in largo Cairoli. Numerose sono le pubblicazioni relative all’immagine del Generale dei Mille e al ruolo assunto dalla mitografia garibaldina nell’Italia postunitaria. In questi ultimi anni, sono state inoltre avviate significative ricerche che, inserendosi nel filone degli studi inerenti all’elaborazione di una religione civile per l’Italia unita, hanno analizzato alcune delle vie attraverso le quali essa entrò nelle scuole e come queste ultime concorsero alla formazione dell’identità nazionale. Non vi sono state però specifiche analisi sulla funzione assunta dalla scuola nella diffusione dell’immagine dell’Eroe dei due mondi ai fini della costruzione di una memoria condivisa del processo di unificazione nazionale. Il presente saggio intende colmare, sia pure in parte, questa lacuna, indagando il modo in cui la scuola primaria, in particolare quella milanese, fu coinvolta nella rievocazione della figura di Garibaldi in occasione della celebrazione del primo anniversario della sua nascita. La ricerca ha voluto mettere a fuoco l’immagine dell’Eroe dei due mondi trasmessa dai maestri in classe. A questo fine essa ha preso in esame le riviste scolastiche edite a Milano e quelle a tiratura nazionale che verosimilmente circolavano fra i maestri della città, per tentare di delineare il messaggio culturale offerto in riferimento alla figura di Garibaldi. Allo stesso scopo, sono state analizzate le biografie garibaldine in alcuni casi scritte da insegnanti, pubblicizzate dai periodici consultati, stampate dagli editori per tale ricorrenza e destinate ai fanciulli. Il contributo ha inteso altresì verificare la reale ricezione di questa specifica iniziativa di pedagogia patriottica, dando voce agli alunni, grazie alla valorizzazione di materiale documentario conservato negli archivi del Comune di Milano e comprendente anche un consistente gruppo di lettere scritte dagli scolari all’assessore alla Pubblica Istruzione del tempo come ringraziamento per l’opportunità loro offerta.

Gadolini, G., Ghizzoni, C. F., Garibaldi narrato e celebrato nelle scuole elementari nel primo centenario della nascita (1907). Il caso di Milano, <<HISTORY OF EDUCATION & CHILDREN'S LITERATURE>>, 2020; XV (2): 609-652 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/168736]

Garibaldi narrato e celebrato nelle scuole elementari nel primo centenario della nascita (1907). Il caso di Milano

Ghizzoni, Carla Francesca
2020

Abstract

Among the events planned to mark the first centenary of Garibaldi’s birth (4 July 1907), the municipal authorities in Milan organized a special commemorative program for the city’s elementary schools, including lectures at individual schools, the distribution of Storia dei Mille narrata ai giovinetti [History of the Thousand as told to young people] by Giuseppe Cesare Abba, and the parading of a delegation of elementary students in front of the Garibaldi monument in Largo Cairoli. Numerous scholarly publications have examined perceptions of Garibaldi and the impact of the mythography surrounding him in post-Unification Italy. In recent years, key analyses have been undertaken - within broader inquiry into the development of a civic religion for the newly united nation - on how this religion was introduced into schools and how the education system contributed to shaping a national identity. No existing study, however, has examined the role of schools in building up a public image of the “hero of two worlds” as part of the effort to construct a shared memory of the national unification process. This essay is intended to fill that gap, albeit only in part, by presenting research on the involvement of elementary schools, specifically in the city of Milan, in commemorations of Garibaldi on the first centenary of his birth. The primary focus of the study was to investigate the image of Garibaldi transmitted by elementary teachers in the classroom. To this end, contemporary education journals published locally in Milan – as well as those with national circulation that were likely to have been consumed by the city’s elementary teachers – were analysed with a view to reconstructing the cultural message then on offer about Garibaldi. This line of inquiry was completed by examining biographies of Garibaldi, in some cases authored by schoolteachers, that were advertised in the above-mentioned periodicals, and had been published for the centenary with a child readership in mind. Further analysis was devoted to assessing how this specific instance of patriotic pedagogy was actually received: the voices of elementary pupils were accessed via a corpus of documentary material held in the archives of the City of Milan, including a large number of letters sent by schoolchildren to the education councillor of the day to thank him for giving them the opportunity to participate in the centenary celebrations.
2020
Italiano
Gadolini, G., Ghizzoni, C. F., Garibaldi narrato e celebrato nelle scuole elementari nel primo centenario della nascita (1907). Il caso di Milano, <<HISTORY OF EDUCATION & CHILDREN'S LITERATURE>>, 2020; XV (2): 609-652 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/168736]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10807/168736
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