Product qualification as a means of identifying sustainability pathways for place-based agri-food systems: The case of the GI Corsican Grapefruit (France)

Existing frameworks offer a holistic way to evaluate a food system based on sustainability indicators but can fall short of offering clear direction. To analyze the sustainability of a geographical indication (GI) system, we adopt a product-centered approach that begins with understanding the product qualification along the value-chain. We use the case of the GI Corsican grapefruit focusing on understanding the quality criteria priorities from the orchard to the store. Our results show that certain compromises written into the Code of Practices threaten the system's sustainability. Today the GI allows the fruit to be harvested before achieving peak maturity and expectations on visual quality lead to high levels of food waste. Its primary function is to help penetrate mainstream export markets and to optimize labor and infrastructure. Analyzing the stakeholders' choices of qualification brings to light potential seeds for change in the short run such as later springtime harvests, diversification of the marketing channels, and more leniency on the fruit's aesthetics. These solutions lead us to reflect on long-term pathways to sustainable development such as reinforcing the fruit's typicality, reducing food waste, reorganizing human resources, and embedding the fruit into its territory and the local culture.