Minimally Invasive Pelvic Exenteration for Gynecologic Malignancies: A Multi-Institutional Case Series and Review of the Literature

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and efficacy of minimally invasive pelvic exenteration (MIPE) in a multi-institutional Italian case series of women with gynecologic cancer and a review of the literature. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: Three Italian university/teaching hospitals: "Agostino Gemelli" Foundation University Hospital in Rome, "ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli" Hospital in Palermo, and "Maggiore della Carità" Hospital in Novara. PATIENTS: We reviewed all consecutive cases with gynecologic malignancies in this multi-institutional setting recorded between March 2014 and June 2017. Women with primary or central recurrent/persistent gynecologic cancer considered suitable for exenterative surgery after multidisciplinary tumor board discussion were included. Clinicopathological, perioperative, and survival data were retrieved from the institutional electronic database (STAR center). INTERVENTIONS: All patients underwent total or anterior MIPE with a laparoscopic or robotic approach. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-three patients underwent MIPE during the study period, including 12 (52.1%) by a laparoscopic approach and 11 (47.9%) by a robotic approach. All but 1 woman underwent MIPE for recurrent disease. The overall median operative time was 540 minutes (range, 310-720 minutes) with laparoscopy, slightly longer than with the robotic approach (p = .04). Median estimated blood loss was 400 mL (range, 200-600 mL). R0 resection was achieved in 17 of 23 patients (73.9%). There were no perioperative deaths. Early major postoperative complications occurred in 2 patients (8.7%). The median duration of hospitalization was 10 days (range, 6-33 days). With a median follow-up of 15 months, 11 patients (47.8%) developed recurrence. The median disease-free survival was 11 months (range, 5-18 months). To date, 155 MIPEs for gynecologic cancers have been reported in the literature. Among these, 12.6% had major postoperative complications, and overall postoperative mortality was 0.6%. CONCLUSION: MIPE is a feasible procedure with low rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Careful patient selection is crucial to balance perioperative risks and potential survival benefits and to achieve complete tumor resection.