Between May 20 and 29, 1937, the worst Christian massacre ever occurred in Africa took place in Ethiopia: in the monastic village of Debre Libanos, the most famous and popular shrine of Ethiopian Christianity, about 2000 monks were killed and pilgrims, considered 'conniving' with the attack immediately, on February 19, by the viceroy Rodolfo Graziani. It was a planned and implemented massacre with a careful strategy to cause the maximum number of victims, far exceeding the logic of a strictly military operation. It represented the culmination of a wide-ranging repressive action, aimed at crushing the Ethiopian resistance and in particular striking the heart of the Christian tradition for its historic link with the imperial power of the negus. The massacre, carried out in isolated places far from sight, was followed by collateral damage, such as the theft of sacred goods, never found, and the deportations of hundreds of 'survivors' in concentration camps or in Italian locations, while the Ethiopian Church underwent total subjugation to the colonial regime. The fury with which the execution was conducted found ground in a propaganda (both political and 'religious') that went beyond the exaltation of the conquest, up to the contempt that began to circulate in the fascist and ecclesiastical colonial circles towards the Christians and of the Ethiopian clergy, with heavy judgments on their reputation as 'heretics', schismatics. In short, there was no barrier to actions that went beyond the objective of submission, legitimized by a policy increasingly oriented in a racist sense. Those responsible for that tragic event were never tried and no trace of it remained in the Italian historical memory. After eighty years, the story reappears with precise and unmistakable contours that demand to be known in all their historical implications.
Tra il 20 e il 29 maggio 1937 ebbe luogo, in Etiopia, il più grave eccidio di cristiani mai avvenuto nel continente africano: nel villaggio monastico di Debre Libanos, il più celebre e popolare santuario del cristianesimo etiopico, furono uccisi circa 2000 tra monaci e pellegrini, ritenuti ‘conniventi’ con l’attentato subito, il 19 febbraio, dal viceré Rodolfo Graziani. Fu un massacro pianificato e attuato con un’accurata strategia per causare il massimo numero di vittime, oltrepassando di gran lunga le logiche di un’operazione strettamente militare. Esso rappresentò l’apice di un’azione repressiva ad ampio raggio, tesa a stroncare la resistenza etiopica e a colpire, in particolare, il cuore della tradizione cristiana per il suo storico legame con il potere imperiale del negus. All’eccidio, attuato in luoghi isolati e lontani dalla vista, seguirono i danni collaterali, come il trafugamento di beni sacri, mai ritrovati, e le deportazioni di centinaia di ‘sopravvissuti’ in campi di concentramento o in località italiane, mentre la Chiesa etiopica subiva il totale asservimento al regime coloniale. L’accanimento con cui fu condotta l’esecuzione trovò terreno in una propaganda (sia politica che ‘religiosa’) che andò oltre l’esaltazione della conquista, fino al disprezzo che cominciò a circolare negli ambienti coloniali fascisti ed ecclesiastici nei confronti dei cristiani e del clero etiopici, con pesanti giudizi sulla loro fama di ‘eretici’, scismatici. Venne a mancare, insomma, un argine ad azioni che andarono oltre l’obiettivo della sottomissione, legittimate da una politica sempre più orientata in senso razzista. I responsabili di quel tragico evento non furono mai processati e non ne è rimasta traccia nella memoria storica italiana. A distanza di ottant’anni, la vicenda riappare con contorni precisi e inequivocabili che esigono di essere conosciuti in tutte le loro implicazioni storiche.
Borruso, P., Debre Libanos 1937. Il più grave crimine di guerra dell'Italia, LATERZA, Roma-Bari 2020: 253 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/144603]
Debre Libanos 1937. Il più grave crimine di guerra dell'Italia
Borruso, Paolo
2020
Abstract
Between May 20 and 29, 1937, the worst Christian massacre ever occurred in Africa took place in Ethiopia: in the monastic village of Debre Libanos, the most famous and popular shrine of Ethiopian Christianity, about 2000 monks were killed and pilgrims, considered 'conniving' with the attack immediately, on February 19, by the viceroy Rodolfo Graziani. It was a planned and implemented massacre with a careful strategy to cause the maximum number of victims, far exceeding the logic of a strictly military operation. It represented the culmination of a wide-ranging repressive action, aimed at crushing the Ethiopian resistance and in particular striking the heart of the Christian tradition for its historic link with the imperial power of the negus. The massacre, carried out in isolated places far from sight, was followed by collateral damage, such as the theft of sacred goods, never found, and the deportations of hundreds of 'survivors' in concentration camps or in Italian locations, while the Ethiopian Church underwent total subjugation to the colonial regime. The fury with which the execution was conducted found ground in a propaganda (both political and 'religious') that went beyond the exaltation of the conquest, up to the contempt that began to circulate in the fascist and ecclesiastical colonial circles towards the Christians and of the Ethiopian clergy, with heavy judgments on their reputation as 'heretics', schismatics. In short, there was no barrier to actions that went beyond the objective of submission, legitimized by a policy increasingly oriented in a racist sense. Those responsible for that tragic event were never tried and no trace of it remained in the Italian historical memory. After eighty years, the story reappears with precise and unmistakable contours that demand to be known in all their historical implications.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.