Decision-making is configured as a very complex construct that it is influenced by differentvariables (Rilling & Sanfey, 2011; Fehr & Camerer 2007; Wang, Liu, & Ruhe, 2004), such asemotions and cognitive evaluation (Frith & Singer 2008; Groot et al., 2017; Stallen, Smidts, &Sanfey, 2013), that allow individuals to consider personal interests, possible losses or rewards, andthe ethical and moral choices implications. Specifically, this study aimed to evaluate the decision-making on a sample of 32 participants who were asked to make choices in two different actioncontexts: economic and health issue, although both of them were considered including “moralquestion”. To this aim, a task, consisting of a modified version of the Ultimatum Game wasadministered to evaluate participants’ choices. Specifically, the economic context proposed todivide a sum of money provided as compensation for a work done together; while the health contextproposed to support a colleague’s family who is facing health issues. Within the two conditionsthree types of offers were presented: neutral, advantageous or disadvantageous for the subject. Inthe neutral condition, an offer was proposed that provided for a fair sharing of money between thetwo parties, in the advantageous condition a favorable offer was proposed for the subject, andfinally, in the disadvantageous condition the opposite occurred. Participants' neural activity wasrecorded continuously through the use of near-infrared functional spectroscopy (fNIRS). The levelsof oxygenated (O2Hb) and deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin were considered in the prefrontalcortex (Gabay, Radua, Kempton, & Mehta, 2014; Rogers, Hazlewood, Blevis, & Lim, 2004).Results showed the recruitment of distinct and specific neural networks within the prefrontal andfrontal areas, according to the different conditions and offer types. Results will be discussed byframing the different scenarios with some psychological, motivational and social issues related to decision-making
Balconi, M., Fronda, G., Meroni, F., Vanutelli, M. E., Lucchiari, C., Decision-Making in Economic and Moral Contexts. Evidence from Social Neuroscience, Relazione, in Program of the 11th International Scientific Conference on Neuroethics and 6th Conference of the Italian Society for Neuroethics (SINe), (Milano, 15-17 May 2019), Società Italiana di Neuroetica, Milano 2019: N/A-N/A [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/141819]
Decision-Making in Economic and Moral Contexts. Evidence from Social Neuroscience
Balconi, Michela
;Fronda, Giulia;Vanutelli, Maria Elide;
2019
Abstract
Decision-making is configured as a very complex construct that it is influenced by differentvariables (Rilling & Sanfey, 2011; Fehr & Camerer 2007; Wang, Liu, & Ruhe, 2004), such asemotions and cognitive evaluation (Frith & Singer 2008; Groot et al., 2017; Stallen, Smidts, &Sanfey, 2013), that allow individuals to consider personal interests, possible losses or rewards, andthe ethical and moral choices implications. Specifically, this study aimed to evaluate the decision-making on a sample of 32 participants who were asked to make choices in two different actioncontexts: economic and health issue, although both of them were considered including “moralquestion”. To this aim, a task, consisting of a modified version of the Ultimatum Game wasadministered to evaluate participants’ choices. Specifically, the economic context proposed todivide a sum of money provided as compensation for a work done together; while the health contextproposed to support a colleague’s family who is facing health issues. Within the two conditionsthree types of offers were presented: neutral, advantageous or disadvantageous for the subject. Inthe neutral condition, an offer was proposed that provided for a fair sharing of money between thetwo parties, in the advantageous condition a favorable offer was proposed for the subject, andfinally, in the disadvantageous condition the opposite occurred. Participants' neural activity wasrecorded continuously through the use of near-infrared functional spectroscopy (fNIRS). The levelsof oxygenated (O2Hb) and deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin were considered in the prefrontalcortex (Gabay, Radua, Kempton, & Mehta, 2014; Rogers, Hazlewood, Blevis, & Lim, 2004).Results showed the recruitment of distinct and specific neural networks within the prefrontal andfrontal areas, according to the different conditions and offer types. Results will be discussed byframing the different scenarios with some psychological, motivational and social issues related to decision-making
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