A Suspected Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Renal Transplant Recipient Revealing a Rare Cutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis by Alternaria infectoria

AbstractBackground:Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is the most common neoplasm after organ transplantation. In addition, fungal infections are increasingly described in immunocompromised patients, such as kidney recipients.Method and Results:We report a case of a 64-year-old woman with a renal transplant presenting with 6-month-old skin lesions. In other centers, she had undergone previous biopsies, the results of which were suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma and aspecific inflammation. Therefore, she came to our center for surgical excision. Only our clinical experience and a detailed clinical history allowed us to doubt previous diagnoses and perform further examinations. Our investigation revealed an extremely rare fungus infection: phaeohyphomycosis by Alternaria infectoria. It was successfully treated with oral terbinafine until a complete regression of the lesions was achieved. At a 16-month follow-up visit, no recurrence of the skin lesion was observed.Conclusion:Despite a difficult diagnosis and rare occurrence, physicians and surgeons should be aware of infection with this emerging fungus in immunocompromised patients.