Don Quixote, son of the catholic Spain, have had many interpreters: intellectuals of Jewish origin (Marx, Bloch, Lévinas), Orthodox Christians (Dostoevskij, Turgenev), Reformed Christians (Kant, Goethe), Catholic Christians (Schlegel, Unamuno, Von Balthasar, Zambrano, Ortega y Gasset) and many others (Diderot, Nietzsche, Auerbach, Borges). Thanks to his untimely ideal of chivalry, Don Quixote keeps hope alive to help needy, poor and hungry people: dream of a world of justice, into the reality of injustice. Lost in the clouds and ridiculous, Don Quixote is at the same time very serious, because he dreams a more just world (Marx: abstract utopia). With the figure of Don Quixote like a symbol of a world that hopes in an instant and anxious way, parallels Don Quixote’s choose to become knight, to fight for the poor and needy people, to take a moral seriously (Bloch: hunger and hope) that gives way to serious morality. The hunger puts the subject in the middle only to question his claim. It makes sensitive to the hunger of the others (Weil), it teaches the humility, it teaches to accept and to give thank (Lévinas). The hunger – ironic and paradoxical – is at the same time the principle of every first-hand need (conatus essendi) and of its opposite, of a responsibility for the world and the others.
Figlio della cattolicissima Spagna, di Don Chisciotte si interessano intellettuali di origine ebraica come Marx, Bloch, Lévinas, cristiano ortodossi (Dostoevskij, Turgenev), riformati (Kant, Goethe), cattolici (Schlegel, Unamuno, Von Balthasar, Zambrano, Ortega y Gasset) e altri ancora (Diderot, Nietzsche, Auerbach, Borges). Con l’ideale fuori tempo della cavalleria don Chisciotte tiene viva la speranza, un sogno di giustizia nella realtà dell’ingiustizia, di aiuto a chi è nel bisogno, povero e affamato. Perso sulle nuvole e ridicolo, Don Chisciotte è pur serio perché sogna un mondo più giusto dell’esistente (Marx: l’utopia astratta). A Don Chisciotte come figura di un mondo che spera anche se in modo immediato e impaziente, si affianca la scelta di farsi cavaliere, di lottare per gli ultimi e i bisognosi, di una serietà morale (Bloch: fame e speranza) che cede tuttavia il passo a una morale seria. La fame tiene al centro il soggetto solo per contestarne la pretesa, rende sensibili a quella degli altri (Weil), insegna l’umiltà, ad accettare, a ringraziare, (Lévinas). Principio di ogni bisogno in prima persona (conatus essendi), la fame – ironica e paradossale – lo è pure del suo contrario, di una responsabilità per il mondo e per altri.
Riva, F., Fame, Etica, Utopia. Icone del don Chisciotte, <<RIVISTA DI FILOSOFIA NEOSCOLASTICA>>, 2017; (2): 349-364 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/115506]
Fame, Etica, Utopia. Icone del don Chisciotte
Riva, Franco
2017
Abstract
Don Quixote, son of the catholic Spain, have had many interpreters: intellectuals of Jewish origin (Marx, Bloch, Lévinas), Orthodox Christians (Dostoevskij, Turgenev), Reformed Christians (Kant, Goethe), Catholic Christians (Schlegel, Unamuno, Von Balthasar, Zambrano, Ortega y Gasset) and many others (Diderot, Nietzsche, Auerbach, Borges). Thanks to his untimely ideal of chivalry, Don Quixote keeps hope alive to help needy, poor and hungry people: dream of a world of justice, into the reality of injustice. Lost in the clouds and ridiculous, Don Quixote is at the same time very serious, because he dreams a more just world (Marx: abstract utopia). With the figure of Don Quixote like a symbol of a world that hopes in an instant and anxious way, parallels Don Quixote’s choose to become knight, to fight for the poor and needy people, to take a moral seriously (Bloch: hunger and hope) that gives way to serious morality. The hunger puts the subject in the middle only to question his claim. It makes sensitive to the hunger of the others (Weil), it teaches the humility, it teaches to accept and to give thank (Lévinas). The hunger – ironic and paradoxical – is at the same time the principle of every first-hand need (conatus essendi) and of its opposite, of a responsibility for the world and the others.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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