The main objective of this Ph.D. project was to find different solutions to improve the technological, sensorial, sustainability and nutritional characteristics of bakery products. Biscuits were used because of their characteristics: they are widely consumed and they are a good energy source, despite the high content in sugars and fats. Different strategies were investigated. 1. Production of a functional flour thanks to enzymatic conditioning of the wheat to obtain a whole flour with both better technological quality and improved nutritional profile for dietetic fibre composition and antioxidant compounds. 2. Substitution of palm oil with a more sustainable and healthier fat ingredient, such as extra virgin oil, grape seeds oil, in comparison with the widely used, sunflower oil. 3. Enrichment with different functional ingredients: a. whey proteins: enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated as a strategy to get protein ingredients suitable to produce acceptable high proteins biscuits; b. fibers: different fibres, mainly derived from by-products, were tested to evaluate their potential role as functional ingredients to improve texture and oxidative stability of biscuits; c. waste grape skins extract: 3D-printing technology was used to minimize the degradation effect of the baking process on antioxidant activity of an encapsulated grape-skin extract added to biscuits.
L'obiettivo principale di questo progetto è quello di trovare diverse soluzioni per migliorare le caratteristiche tecnologiche, sensoriali, di sostenibilità e nutrizionali dei prodotti da forno. Come campione sono stati scelti i biscotti perché ampiamente consumati e rappresentano una buona fonte energetica, nonostante l'elevato contenuto di zuccheri e grassi. Sono state studiate diverse strategie. 1. Produzione di una farina funzionale grazie al condizionamento enzimatico del grano per ottenere una farina intera con una migliore qualità tecnologica e un migliore profilo nutrizionale. 3. Sostituzione dell'olio di palma con un ingrediente grasso più sostenibile e più sano, come l'olio extravergine di oliva, l'olio di vinaccioli, rispetto all'olio di girasole, ampiamente utilizzato. 3. Arricchimento con diversi ingredienti funzionali: a. proteine del siero di latte: l'idrolisi enzimatica è stata studiata come strategia per ottenere ingredienti proteici adatti a produrre biscotti; b. fibre: diverse fibre, principalmente derivate da sottoprodotti, sono state testate per valutare il loro potenziale ruolo come ingredienti funzionali per migliorare la consistenza e la stabilità ossidativa dei biscotti; c. estratto di buccia d'uva di scarto: la tecnologia di stampa 3D è stata utilizzata per ridurre l'effetto termico del processo di cottura sull'attività antiossidante di un estratto incapsulato aggiunto ai biscotti.
GRUPPI, ALICE, INNOVATIVE BAKERY PRODUCTS, SPIGNO, GIORGIA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza:Ciclo XXXII [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/286591]
INNOVATIVE BAKERY PRODUCTS
Gruppi, Alice
2020
Abstract
The main objective of this Ph.D. project was to find different solutions to improve the technological, sensorial, sustainability and nutritional characteristics of bakery products. Biscuits were used because of their characteristics: they are widely consumed and they are a good energy source, despite the high content in sugars and fats. Different strategies were investigated. 1. Production of a functional flour thanks to enzymatic conditioning of the wheat to obtain a whole flour with both better technological quality and improved nutritional profile for dietetic fibre composition and antioxidant compounds. 2. Substitution of palm oil with a more sustainable and healthier fat ingredient, such as extra virgin oil, grape seeds oil, in comparison with the widely used, sunflower oil. 3. Enrichment with different functional ingredients: a. whey proteins: enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated as a strategy to get protein ingredients suitable to produce acceptable high proteins biscuits; b. fibers: different fibres, mainly derived from by-products, were tested to evaluate their potential role as functional ingredients to improve texture and oxidative stability of biscuits; c. waste grape skins extract: 3D-printing technology was used to minimize the degradation effect of the baking process on antioxidant activity of an encapsulated grape-skin extract added to biscuits.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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