Antimicrobial resistance is now widely acknowledged as a major global public health challenge. There are many environments through which the transmission and diffusion of antibiotic resistance could happen, but one of the main routes of transmission is the food chain. As a matter of fact, antibiotic use is widely spread in animal husbandry and in agriculture. In particular, in animal husbandry antimicrobials have been used both for therapeutic reasons and as growth promoters. As a consequence, a selective pressure on pathogenic and commensal bacteria of animal origin has been exerted during the time, leading to the onset of microorganisms resistant to such compounds. A pivotal role in the spread in the food chain of antibiotic resistance has been played by non-pathogenic bacteria present in food. These microorganisms are not harmful for humans, but they could represent a reservoir of antibiotic resistance for foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Usually lactic acid bacteria play this role, since they are present in all fermented food. For this reason, the antibiotic resistance profile of lactic acid bacteria has been assessed. In recent years, another class of microorganisms called halophilic archaea have raised an increasing scientific interest, since they have been found in the human intestinal mucosa as well as in foods such as salted codfish and fermented Asiatic seafood. As a few papers have studied the antibiotic resistance profiles of halophilic archaea, and the only present do not consider a statistically significant number of microorganisms belonging to the same species, the aim of the present work is to define the antibiotic resistance profile of the major exponent of halophilic archaea, named Halobacterium salinarum, and consequently to verify if some strains present antibiotic resistances and if they can transfer these resistances to bacteria present in the food chain.
L’insorgenza e la diffusione dell’antibiotico resistenza sta diventando un problema a livello mondiale. Molti sono gli ambienti in cui può avvenire tale diffusione, ma una delle principali vie di trasmissione passa attraverso la catena alimentare. Infatti, l’utilizzo di sostanze antimicrobiche è largamente diffuso negli allevamenti di animali ad uso alimentare e in agricoltura. In particolare, negli allevamenti gli antibiotici non solo vengono usati per trattare eventuali patologie, ma anche come profilassi e come promotori di crescita. Di conseguenza, questo uso a volte sconsiderato ha portato all’insorgenza di batteri resistenti a tali sostanze. Un ruolo fondamentale nella trasmissione e diffusione di tali resistenze a livello alimentare è svolto da batteri non patogeni che sono parte del naturale microbiota degli alimenti. Questi microorganismi infatti, pur non essendo essi stessi nocivi per l’uomo, possono fungere da reservoir di antibiotico resistenze per eventuali batteri patogeni. I batteri che generalmente svolgono questo ruolo sono i batteri lattici. Per questo motivo molto importante è stato identificare e studiare l’antibiotico resistenza anche di tali microorganismi. Negli ultimi anni, tuttavia, c’è stato un crescente interesse per un’altra classe di microorganismi, chiamata Haloarchaea o alobatteri o archaea alofili, poiché la loro presenza è stata rilevata in alimenti particolarmente salati. Dal momento che in letteratura ci sono pochi lavori che studiano i profili di antibiotico resistenza di tali microorganismi e, comunque, tali profili non sono stati studiati su un numero significativo di microorganismi appartenenti alla stessa specie, il presente lavoro di tesi è volto a definire il profilo di antibiotico resistenza del capostipite degli archaea alofili, che è l’Halobacterium salinarum, verificare se ci sono ceppi che presentano antibiotico resistenze e controllare se tali resistenze possono essere trasferite a batteri patogeni.
FALASCONI, IRENE, EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILES OF HALOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE FOOD CHAIN, PUGLISI, EDOARDO, MORELLI, LORENZO, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza:Ciclo XXIX [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/285794]
EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILES OF HALOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE FOOD CHAIN
Falasconi, Irene
2017
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is now widely acknowledged as a major global public health challenge. There are many environments through which the transmission and diffusion of antibiotic resistance could happen, but one of the main routes of transmission is the food chain. As a matter of fact, antibiotic use is widely spread in animal husbandry and in agriculture. In particular, in animal husbandry antimicrobials have been used both for therapeutic reasons and as growth promoters. As a consequence, a selective pressure on pathogenic and commensal bacteria of animal origin has been exerted during the time, leading to the onset of microorganisms resistant to such compounds. A pivotal role in the spread in the food chain of antibiotic resistance has been played by non-pathogenic bacteria present in food. These microorganisms are not harmful for humans, but they could represent a reservoir of antibiotic resistance for foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Usually lactic acid bacteria play this role, since they are present in all fermented food. For this reason, the antibiotic resistance profile of lactic acid bacteria has been assessed. In recent years, another class of microorganisms called halophilic archaea have raised an increasing scientific interest, since they have been found in the human intestinal mucosa as well as in foods such as salted codfish and fermented Asiatic seafood. As a few papers have studied the antibiotic resistance profiles of halophilic archaea, and the only present do not consider a statistically significant number of microorganisms belonging to the same species, the aim of the present work is to define the antibiotic resistance profile of the major exponent of halophilic archaea, named Halobacterium salinarum, and consequently to verify if some strains present antibiotic resistances and if they can transfer these resistances to bacteria present in the food chain.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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