This paper continues established historiographical research on educational issues during the Fascist era. Scholars who have taken an interest in this theme – G. Ricuperati, M. Ostenc, J. Charnitzky and M. Galfré, to name a few – as well as contemporary historians who have explored Fascism in more general terms, have all underlined the importance that the movement founded by Mussolini assigned to the education of youth. According to Fascism total mobilisation, implemented during the war as a provisional and exceptional policy and through which childhood went from an exclusion to an inclusion in civil life, was meant to represent an integral part of the everyday life of youth. Young generations were thus elevated to political subjects to whom it was necessary to pay the utmost attention in order to regenerate the Nation and form the New Man. The educational agencies that the National Fascist Party engaged for this project were mainly – though not exclusively – two: schools and youth organisations. These supported families in the attempt to impart a moral and political education that was consistent with the principles of the new system of political beliefs. In this paper I intend to illustrate the ideals that were pursued and the strategies that were implemented by Fascism to train girls and boys, young women and young men to whom the future and destiny of the new Italy were entrusted, on the one hand underlining elements of modernisation and of a break with the past, and on the other shedding light on elements of continuity.

Il contributo si inserisce nella consolidata storiografia sulle questioni educative durante il ventennio fascista. Gli studiosi che si sono interessati di questo tema, quali G. Ricuperati, M. Ostenc, J. Charnitzky e M. Galfré, solo per citarne alcuni, ma anche gli storici contemporaneisti, che più in generale hanno indagato il fascismo, hanno evidenziato l’importanza attribuita all’educazione dei giovani dal movimento fondato da Mussolini. La mobilitazione totale, attuata durante la guerra in modo provvisorio e eccezionale, in virtù della quale l’infanzia passava dall’esclusione dalla vita civile all’inclusione, per il fascismo doveva connotare la quotidianità dell’esistenza dei ragazzi. Le giovani generazioni erano quindi elevate a soggetto politico cui prestare la massima attenzione al fine di rigenerare la nazione e formare l’uomo nuovo. Due principalmente, anche se non in modo esclusivo, furono le agenzie educative che il Partito Nazionale Fascista coinvolse in questo progetto, ovvero la scuola e le organizzazioni giovanili, che affiancarono la famiglia nel tentativo di dare una formazione morale e politica aderente ai principi del nuovo credo politico. In questa sede si cercherà di illustrare gli ideali perseguiti e le strategie messe in atto dal fascismo per formare bambine e bambini, ragazze e ragazzi cui erano affidati il futuro e il destino della nuova Italia, evidenziando gli elementi di rottura rispetto al passato e di modernizzazione, ma anche facendo luce su quelli di continuità.

Ghizzoni, C. F., L'infanzia nell'Italia fascista, in Gecchele, M., Polenghi, S., Dal Toso, P. (ed.), Il Novecento: il secolo del bambino?, Junior-Spaggiari, Parma 2017: 93- 112 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/98904]

L'infanzia nell'Italia fascista

Ghizzoni, Carla Francesca
2017

Abstract

This paper continues established historiographical research on educational issues during the Fascist era. Scholars who have taken an interest in this theme – G. Ricuperati, M. Ostenc, J. Charnitzky and M. Galfré, to name a few – as well as contemporary historians who have explored Fascism in more general terms, have all underlined the importance that the movement founded by Mussolini assigned to the education of youth. According to Fascism total mobilisation, implemented during the war as a provisional and exceptional policy and through which childhood went from an exclusion to an inclusion in civil life, was meant to represent an integral part of the everyday life of youth. Young generations were thus elevated to political subjects to whom it was necessary to pay the utmost attention in order to regenerate the Nation and form the New Man. The educational agencies that the National Fascist Party engaged for this project were mainly – though not exclusively – two: schools and youth organisations. These supported families in the attempt to impart a moral and political education that was consistent with the principles of the new system of political beliefs. In this paper I intend to illustrate the ideals that were pursued and the strategies that were implemented by Fascism to train girls and boys, young women and young men to whom the future and destiny of the new Italy were entrusted, on the one hand underlining elements of modernisation and of a break with the past, and on the other shedding light on elements of continuity.
2017
Italiano
Il Novecento: il secolo del bambino?
978-88-8434-805-0
Junior-Spaggiari
Ghizzoni, C. F., L'infanzia nell'Italia fascista, in Gecchele, M., Polenghi, S., Dal Toso, P. (ed.), Il Novecento: il secolo del bambino?, Junior-Spaggiari, Parma 2017: 93- 112 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/98904]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10807/98904
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