Over the past few decades in Europe, and particularly in Italy, progressive ageing of the population has been recorded. This is due to two parallel phenomena: an increase in life expectancy and a declining birth rate. The growing need of elderly care has been faced by European countries with different strategies that follow a North-South gradient and stem from social, cultural, religious and institutional factors. In particular European countries from the Mediterranean basin, including Italy, rely on “family centred” models of welfare, where historically the family has shouldered the burden of looking after its older parents, both financially and in terms of assistance. Similarly, it is still the family that supports the new generations facing the lack of job opportunities, even if these generations have already left the family nucleus, in a reciprocal pact that reflects the structural absence of institutional answers. In northern Europe prevails a “non family centered” model: here, for the past few decades, elderly care has been managed through reforms that involve institutions taking charge of those who are not self-sufficient: the need of care is satisfied by the public sector, mainly through the supply of formal services (care provided to the elderly by paid and qualified personnel) and, residually, through the financial support of activities by informal caregivers (care provided for free by relatives, neighbors, friends).
L’Europa nel corso degli ultimi decenni ha sperimentato una caduta nel tasso di fertilità, cui si è accompagnata una crescente longevità, due fattori demografici che indicano il progressivo invecchiamento della sua popolazione. Il calo delle nascite ha ridotto la consistenza delle coorti di giovani generazioni, mentre l’allungamento della speranza di vita ha posticipato il momento del decesso. La percentuale di anziani (over 65) su tutta la popolazione è più alta in Europa che in qualsiasi altro continente, e il fenomeno dell’invecchiamento è un problema che si imporrà per tutto il secolo. Le previsioni per il 2060 sulla dinamica demografica europea sono preoccupanti: per quell’anno circa metà della popolazione dei Paesi UE sarà ultracinquantenne e gli over 65 aumenteranno dall’attuale 18% (dati 2013) al 28% (Eurostat, 2015). All’interno del gruppo over 50 la “generazione sandwich”, vale a dire la generazione di individui impegnati simultaneamente sul duplice fronte delle responsabilità di cura verso i figli non ancora autonomi e i genitori anziani, giocherà un ruolo fondamentale nel fornire assistenza informale alle generazioni di anziani più fragili.
Brenna, E., Di Novi, C., Assistenza domiciliare: invecchiamento della popolazione e cure formali e informali, il gradiente Nord - Sud Europa, in Federico Spandonar, F. S. (ed.), 12° Rapporto Crea Sanità, Crea Sanità, ROMA -- ITA 2016: <<Rapporto Crea Sanità>>, 313- 323 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/93679]
Assistenza domiciliare: invecchiamento della popolazione e cure formali e informali, il gradiente Nord - Sud Europa
Brenna, ElenkaPrimo
;Di Novi, CinziaSecondo
2016
Abstract
Over the past few decades in Europe, and particularly in Italy, progressive ageing of the population has been recorded. This is due to two parallel phenomena: an increase in life expectancy and a declining birth rate. The growing need of elderly care has been faced by European countries with different strategies that follow a North-South gradient and stem from social, cultural, religious and institutional factors. In particular European countries from the Mediterranean basin, including Italy, rely on “family centred” models of welfare, where historically the family has shouldered the burden of looking after its older parents, both financially and in terms of assistance. Similarly, it is still the family that supports the new generations facing the lack of job opportunities, even if these generations have already left the family nucleus, in a reciprocal pact that reflects the structural absence of institutional answers. In northern Europe prevails a “non family centered” model: here, for the past few decades, elderly care has been managed through reforms that involve institutions taking charge of those who are not self-sufficient: the need of care is satisfied by the public sector, mainly through the supply of formal services (care provided to the elderly by paid and qualified personnel) and, residually, through the financial support of activities by informal caregivers (care provided for free by relatives, neighbors, friends).I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.