The central nervous system is composed of two main classes of cells: neurons and glia. This chapter focuses on the astrocyte, a subtype of glial cell, and on its role in the regulation of neuronal activity and brain function. We will review recent evidence demonstrating that astrocytes release different chemical transmitters, a process that is called gliotransmission, and modulate the activity of neighboring neurons. We will discuss the importance of this astrocyte-to-neuron signaling to the regulation of synaptic function, network activity and behavior.
D'Ascenzo, M., Fellin, T., Halassa, M., Boccaccio, A., Astrocytic regulation of synapses, neuronal networks and behavior, in Faingold, C. L., Blumenfeld, H. (ed.), NEURONAL NETWORKS IN BRAIN FUNCTION, CNS DISORDERS,AND THERAPEUTICS, Elsevier, San Diego 2013: 157- 165. dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-415804-7.00012-5 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/54086]
Astrocytic regulation of synapses, neuronal networks and behavior
D'Ascenzo, Marcello;
2013
Abstract
The central nervous system is composed of two main classes of cells: neurons and glia. This chapter focuses on the astrocyte, a subtype of glial cell, and on its role in the regulation of neuronal activity and brain function. We will review recent evidence demonstrating that astrocytes release different chemical transmitters, a process that is called gliotransmission, and modulate the activity of neighboring neurons. We will discuss the importance of this astrocyte-to-neuron signaling to the regulation of synaptic function, network activity and behavior.
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