This essay is the revised version of a seminar originally held at the University of Bologna on 28 March 2012 as part of Prof. Giovanni Tallarico’s French Translation course and under the patronage of CeSLiC (Centre for the Study of Languages and Cultures). Leaving aside the debate on the untranslatability of poetry, the author aims to investigate what poetic translation can in fact offer. The argument is divided into two sections: a theoretical introduction offering some examples and a textual analysis essay. In the first section, the metaphorical opening is identified as the typical signifying tool used in the modern poetic text (Renzi 1991). Attention is drawn to how the opening is generated within the text through the style’s agency. Refusing with Meschonnic (1969) to interpret style as a ‘deflection from the standard’, the latter is rather defined as the setting up of an unprecedented matching system between signified and signifier, in a process of re-motivation of the sign process (Risset 2011) typical of the literary text. Style thus covers all levels of the signifier, from word order to each phoneme’s distinctive features and at all levels its action may be spotted by observing the interlace between the level of equivalence and that of difference (Jakobson 1987a). Through further reflection, style’s potentialities within the poetic text are seen to extend into the space and time of a specific tradition, with its specific, different and changeable values from generation to generation. The impossibility of comparing different traditions results in the impossibility of any replacement option or equivalence between the original text and the translated text, which are rather distinct terms of a relationship. This aspect is developed with reference to Fortini’s remarks (1987 and 2011), from which the distinction between three types of translation – paraphrase, artistic translation and re-make – is drawn. An illustration of the introductory theoretical remarks is offered in the second part through the text analysis of a poem by Henri Michaux, La Cordillera de los Andes, alongside the Italian translations by Luciano Erba and by Mario Luzi. The former translation tends to soften hard angles in the original’s vocabulary, metre and syntax, by modifying its expressive framework and by overturning its axiological structure. The latter is more subtle in its use of register nuances and slight semantic shifts, thus opening the text to a transcendental dimension. This study offers some essential reference points for the debate on poetic translation in the twentieth century. It accepts the hypothesis that poetic translation may be aimed at translating a stylistic system, irrespective of the different values that will still be assigned to it within the literature of the destination language. Finally, through an original analysis it exemplifies the concrete ways and the different extent to which the two poets-translators transform the same original text by drawing on their own different poetics and stylistic resources.

Il testo rielabora un seminario tenuto all’Università di Bologna il 28 marzo 2012 nel quadro del corso di Traduzione francese di Giovanni Tallarico e sotto il patrocinio del CeSLiC. Accantonando il dibattito sull’intraducibilità della poesia, l’autrice si propone d’indagare che cosa la traduzione poetica possa effettivamente tradurre, articolando un percorso in due sezioni: un’introduzione a carattere teorico corredata da esempi, seguita da un saggio di analisi testuale. Nella prima sezione si individua nell’apertura metaforica il modo di significare caratteristico del testo poetico moderno (Renzi 1991). Si osserva il modo in cui questa apertura si genera nel testo attraverso l’azione dello stile. Rifiutando, sulla scorta di Meschonnic (1969), d’intendere lo stile come ‘scarto dalla norma’, si giunge a definirlo piuttosto come l’istituzione di un sistema di corrispondenza inedito tra significato e significante, in un processo di rimotivazione del rapporto segnico (Risset 2011) che è proprio del testo letterario. Lo stile investe perciò tutti i livelli del significante, dall’ordine delle parole al tratto pertinente del singolo fonema, e a tutti i livelli si può sorprenderne l’azione osservando l’intreccio tra il piano dell’equivalenza e quello della differenza (Jakobson 1987a). Proseguendo la riflessione, si osserva che le virtualità dello stile inscritte nel testo si dispiegano nello spazio e nel tempo di una particolare tradizione, assumendo in essa valori specifici differenti e mutevoli nel corso delle generazioni. L’incommensurabilità tra diverse tradizioni recide la possibilità di una qualsiasi sostituibilità o equivalenza tra testo originale e testo tradotto, che sono piuttosto termini distinti di una relazione. Questo aspetto è sviluppato con riferimento alla riflessione di Fortini (1987 e 2011) da cui viene mutuata la distinzione fra tre tipi di traduzione: parafrasi, traduzione d’arte e rifacimento. La riflessione introduttiva è illustrata, nella seconda parte, attraverso l’analisi di un componimento di Henri Michaux, La Cordillera de los Andes, a fronte delle traduzioni italiane di Luciano Erba e di Mario Luzi. La prima tende a levigare le asperità lessicali, metriche e sintattiche dell’originale, muta il quadro enunciativo del testo e ne scongolge l’impianto assiologico. La seconda opera più sottilmente con sfumature di registro e lievi sfasamenti semantici, aprendolo ad una dimensione trascendente. Lo studio fornisce alcuni punti di riferimento essenziali in merito al dibattito sulla traduzione poetica nel Novecento. Accetta l’ipotesi che la traduzione poetica possa mirare a tradurre un sistema stilistico, ferma restando la diversità dei valori che questo assumerà entro la letteratura della lingua d’arrivo. Illustra infine, attraverso un’analisi originale, i modi concreti e le diverse misure in cui due poeti-traduttori trasformano il medesimo testo originale attingendo alle proprie diverse poetiche e risorse stilistiche.

Grata, G. E., Traduire la poésie: l'action du style. Erba et Luzi traducteurs de Michaux. , 2012, URL: http://amsacta.unibo.it/3542/1/G._GRATA_Traduire_la_po%C3%A9sie_l%27action_du_style._Erba_et_Luzi_traducteurs_de_Michaux.pdf, URL: http://amsacta.unibo.it/view/series/Quaderni_del_CeSLiC=2E_Occasional_papers.html [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/37772]

Traduire la poésie: l'action du style. Erba et Luzi traducteurs de Michaux.

Grata, Giulia Elda
2012

Abstract

This essay is the revised version of a seminar originally held at the University of Bologna on 28 March 2012 as part of Prof. Giovanni Tallarico’s French Translation course and under the patronage of CeSLiC (Centre for the Study of Languages and Cultures). Leaving aside the debate on the untranslatability of poetry, the author aims to investigate what poetic translation can in fact offer. The argument is divided into two sections: a theoretical introduction offering some examples and a textual analysis essay. In the first section, the metaphorical opening is identified as the typical signifying tool used in the modern poetic text (Renzi 1991). Attention is drawn to how the opening is generated within the text through the style’s agency. Refusing with Meschonnic (1969) to interpret style as a ‘deflection from the standard’, the latter is rather defined as the setting up of an unprecedented matching system between signified and signifier, in a process of re-motivation of the sign process (Risset 2011) typical of the literary text. Style thus covers all levels of the signifier, from word order to each phoneme’s distinctive features and at all levels its action may be spotted by observing the interlace between the level of equivalence and that of difference (Jakobson 1987a). Through further reflection, style’s potentialities within the poetic text are seen to extend into the space and time of a specific tradition, with its specific, different and changeable values from generation to generation. The impossibility of comparing different traditions results in the impossibility of any replacement option or equivalence between the original text and the translated text, which are rather distinct terms of a relationship. This aspect is developed with reference to Fortini’s remarks (1987 and 2011), from which the distinction between three types of translation – paraphrase, artistic translation and re-make – is drawn. An illustration of the introductory theoretical remarks is offered in the second part through the text analysis of a poem by Henri Michaux, La Cordillera de los Andes, alongside the Italian translations by Luciano Erba and by Mario Luzi. The former translation tends to soften hard angles in the original’s vocabulary, metre and syntax, by modifying its expressive framework and by overturning its axiological structure. The latter is more subtle in its use of register nuances and slight semantic shifts, thus opening the text to a transcendental dimension. This study offers some essential reference points for the debate on poetic translation in the twentieth century. It accepts the hypothesis that poetic translation may be aimed at translating a stylistic system, irrespective of the different values that will still be assigned to it within the literature of the destination language. Finally, through an original analysis it exemplifies the concrete ways and the different extent to which the two poets-translators transform the same original text by drawing on their own different poetics and stylistic resources.
2012
Francese
Contributo della collana "Occasional Papers dei Quaderni del Centro di Studi Linguistico-Culturali (CeSLiC)" dell'Università Alma Mater Studiorum di Bologna, a cura di Donna R. Miller (ISSN: 1973-221X)
Grata, G. E., Traduire la poésie: l'action du style. Erba et Luzi traducteurs de Michaux. , 2012, URL: http://amsacta.unibo.it/3542/1/G._GRATA_Traduire_la_po%C3%A9sie_l%27action_du_style._Erba_et_Luzi_traducteurs_de_Michaux.pdf, URL: http://amsacta.unibo.it/view/series/Quaderni_del_CeSLiC=2E_Occasional_papers.html [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/37772]
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