Il testo biblico tra filologia ed esegesi. Per un approccio scientifico alla Bibbia ebraica

According to the Lachmann’s method, the philology of the Hebrew Bible aims to the restitution of the “Ur-text,” studying the variants and correcting the errors of the textual transmission. So it examines even the ancient Versions (especially the LXX and the “Vetus Latina”), and Qumran Manuscripts, that suppose a “Vorlage” much older than the MT, to publish a critical edition of the Bible, as for the Greek and Latin classics. It re-balances the relationship between textual and literary criticism, as it was in the patristic age: it is necessary re-establish critically the text, before the exegesis studies its formation, structures and various stratifications. In fact, the philological approach is guarantee of the scientific nature of the exegesis. Therefore, literary criticism will make attention to the becoming of the text, avoiding theological or ideological readings. So we can look for the original not in the canonical forms, but with the examination of the various branches of the tradition, in order to lead on the traces of the autograph, and to understand its message.