In the pursuit of sustainable development, local communication plays a pivotal role in shaping public attitudes and aligning individual behaviors with institutional objectives. Within this framework, the concept of the “last mile” refers to the final stage of communication, in which local institutions convey information to citizens in order to foster engagement, participation, and trust. This research pursues three main objectives: (1) to analyze the imaginaries, practices, governance frameworks, dynamics, technologies, and initiatives underpinning environmental communication within the Municipality of Brescia (Italy); (2) to examine the factors shaping such communication and the interconnections among stakeholders (3) to model the factors influencing the effectiveness of last mile communication. The work integrates analytical perspectives from organizational communication, science and technology studies, environmental communication, and risk communication (Lammers & Barbour, 2006; Gordon, 2021; Star & Griesemer, 1989; Hansen, 2015; Lundgren & McMakin, 2013). It focuses on the communicative “last mile” as a space of negotiation in which local institutions mediate between social and cultural representations of sustainability and the practical implementation of environmental policies. The empirical case examines the remediation process of the former Caffaro chemical plant in Brescia, located in the heart of the city, where decades of industrial activity resulted in severe soil and groundwater contamination. The remediation project has mobilized a wide constellation of stakeholders across political and communicative arenas, generating tensions among residents, public authorities, environmental agencies, and actors associated with the historical pollution, while raising concerns about environmental and public health impacts. Particular attention is devoted to the SIN Brescia-Caffaro Observatory, established in 2021 by the Municipality of Brescia to inform and deliberate on remediation initiatives and, since 2022, to promote a “last mile” communication strategy addressed to citizens. The Observatory represents an emblematic site of tension between institutional narratives, collective memory, and risk imaginaries, especially within a broader context of institutional distrust. To address the research question, the study adopts a longitudinal constructivist ethnographic approach (Charmaz, 2014; Prasetyo, 2022; Bierschenk & Olivier de Sardan, 2019). The methodology triangulates three years of participant observation within municipal offices and Observatory meetings; in-depth and semi-structured interviews with key informants – including public officials, managers, activists, and residents – and the analysis of institutional documents and communication materials (ordinances, informational leaflets, reports, and bulletins). This approach reconstructs communicative practices – ranging from the glocalization of scientific evidence to its public dissemination – and the inter-institutional negotiations that characterize the last mile. The findings identify four cross-cutting dimensions influencing communicative effectiveness – digitalization, public engagement, localization, and mediation – integrated through cross-functional communication conceived as a unifying symbolic infrastructure. From these dimensions emerges the DIPLOMACITY model, which conceptualizes the interdependence among: (1) digitalization (DI), (2) public engagement (P), (3) localization (LO and CITY), (4) mediation (M), and (5) actor networks (A). (1) Digitalization (DI) balances the democratizing potential of information access with the persistence of digital divides. (2) Public engagement (P) promotes co-design practices in communication, while confronting the tension between substantive inclusivity and the risk of tokenism. (3) Localization (LO-CITY) adapts glocal policy frameworks to territorial specificities, integrating collective memory and local identity with regulatory constraints and bureaucratic procedures. (4) Mediation (M) performs a form of environmental diplomacy through third-party bodies that negotiate risk communication in contexts marked by conflict polarization. (5) Actor networks (A) highlight the multi-level and relational nature of environmental governance, whose interactions co-produce environmental narratives. The model reveals the dialectical tensions embedded within each dimension and demonstrates how these tensions continuously reshape social perceptions of environmental risk. By theorizing last mile communication as a negotiated, relational, and infrastructural process, this research contributes to the understanding of how local institutions mediate sustainability transitions in conflict-sensitive contexts.
Nel quadro del perseguimento dello sviluppo sostenibile, la comunicazione a livello locale assume un ruolo strategico nel modellare gli orientamenti dell’opinione pubblica e nel favorire l’allineamento dei comportamenti individuali agli obiettivi istituzionali. In tale prospettiva, il concetto di “ultimo miglio” designa la fase conclusiva del processo comunicativo, nella quale le istituzioni territoriali traducono e trasferiscono informazioni ai cittadini con l’obiettivo di promuovere coinvolgimento, partecipazione consapevole e fiducia. La ricerca si articola attorno a tre obiettivi principali: (1) analizzare gli immaginari, le pratiche, i dispositivi di governance, le dinamiche organizzative, le tecnologie e le iniziative che strutturano la comunicazione ambientale del Comune di Brescia; (2) esaminare i fattori che ne orientano configurazione ed evoluzione, nonché le interconnessioni tra gli stakeholder, al fine di rafforzare il dialogo e attenuare le conflittualità; (3) elaborare un modello interpretativo dei fattori che incidono sull’efficacia della comunicazione di ultimo miglio. Il lavoro integra prospettive teorico-analitiche provenienti dalla comunicazione istituzionale, da science and technology studies, dalla comunicazione ambientale e dalla comunicazione del rischio (Lammers & Barbour, 2006; Gordon, 2021; Star & Griesemer, 1989; Hansen, 2015; Lundgren & McMakin, 2013). L’attenzione si concentra sull’“ultimo miglio” quale spazio negoziale in cui le istituzioni locali mediano tra rappresentazioni sociali e culturali della sostenibilità e concreta attuazione delle politiche ambientali, confrontandosi con aspettative pubbliche, memorie collettive e vincoli normativi. Il caso studio esamina la gestione della bonifica dell’ex stabilimento chimico Caffaro (Brescia) – situato nel cuore della città – dove decenni di attività hanno causato gravi contaminazioni di suoli e falde acquifere, alimentando tensioni e sollevando preoccupazioni per i potenziali impatti sull’ambiente circostante e sulla salute pubblica. Tale progetto di bonifica mobilita un’ampia costellazione di stakeholder in arene politiche e comunicative, generando conflitti tra residenti, istituzioni ed enti coinvolti nel risanamento e attori responsabili dell’inquinamento. In particolare, l’analisi si focalizza sull’Osservatorio SIN Brescia-Caffaro, istituito nel 2021 dal Comune di Brescia per discutere e informare sulle iniziative di bonifica e, dal 2022, promotore di una strategia comunicativa di “ultimo miglio” per la cittadinanza – emblema delle tensioni tra narrazioni istituzionali, memorie collettive e immaginari del rischio, in un contesto di sfiducia istituzionale. Per rispondere alla domanda di ricerca, si adotta un approccio longitudinale etnografico costruttivista (Charmaz, 2014; Prasetyo, 2022; Bierschenk & Olivier de Sardan, 2019) triangolando tre anni di osservazione partecipante negli uffici comunali e nelle sedute dell’Osservatorio; interviste in profondità e semi-strutturate con testimoni privilegiati funzionari, dirigenti, attivisti e residenti, nonché un’analisi di documenti e contenuti comunicativi (tra cui ordinanze, materiali informativi, report e bollettini). Tale approccio metodologico ricostruisce le pratiche comunicative – dalla glocalizzazione di evidenze scientifiche alla disseminazione pubblica – e negoziazioni interistituzionali che attraversano “l’ultimo miglio”. I risultati dell’analisi individuano quattro dimensioni trasversali che influenzano l’efficacia della comunicazione – digitalizzazione, partecipazione pubblica, localizzazione e mediazione – tra loro integrate dalla comunicazione cross-funzionale, intesa come infrastruttura simbolica unificante. Ne emerge il modello DIPLOMACITY, che concettualizza l’interdipendenza tra utilizzo di (1) digitalizzazione (DI), (2) public engagement (P), (3) localizzazione (LO e CITY), (4) mediazione (M) e (5) reti di attori (A). (1) DI si fonda sul bilanciamento tra le opportunità di democratizzazione dell’informazione e la persistenza dei divari digitali. (2) P promuove pratiche di co-progettazione comunicativa, confrontandosi con la tensione tra inclusività sostanziale e rischio di tokenismo. (3) LO-CITY consente di adattare politiche glocali alle specificità territoriali, integrando memorie collettive e identità locali con vincoli normativi e procedure burocratiche. (4) M esercita una forma di diplomazia ambientale attraverso l’intervento di organismi terzi, negoziando la comunicazione del rischio in contesti segnati da polarizzazioni conflittuali. (5) A, infine, evidenzia la natura reticolare e multilivello della governance ambientale la cui interazione contribuisce a co-produrre narrazioni ambientali. Teorizzando la comunicazione di ultimo miglio come processo negoziato, relazionale e infrastrutturale, la ricerca contribuisce alla comprensione delle modalità attraverso cui le istituzioni locali mediano le transizioni verso la sostenibilità in contesti caratterizzati da elevata sensibilità conflittuale.
Colantoni, Lavinia, THE LAST-MILE OF SUSTAINABILITY: INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION AT THE MUNICIPAL SCALE, Giaccardi, Chiara, Locatelli, Massimo, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore MILANO:Ciclo XXXVIII [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/331040]
THE LAST-MILE OF SUSTAINABILITY: INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION AT THE MUNICIPAL SCALE
Colantoni, Lavinia
2026
Abstract
In the pursuit of sustainable development, local communication plays a pivotal role in shaping public attitudes and aligning individual behaviors with institutional objectives. Within this framework, the concept of the “last mile” refers to the final stage of communication, in which local institutions convey information to citizens in order to foster engagement, participation, and trust. This research pursues three main objectives: (1) to analyze the imaginaries, practices, governance frameworks, dynamics, technologies, and initiatives underpinning environmental communication within the Municipality of Brescia (Italy); (2) to examine the factors shaping such communication and the interconnections among stakeholders (3) to model the factors influencing the effectiveness of last mile communication. The work integrates analytical perspectives from organizational communication, science and technology studies, environmental communication, and risk communication (Lammers & Barbour, 2006; Gordon, 2021; Star & Griesemer, 1989; Hansen, 2015; Lundgren & McMakin, 2013). It focuses on the communicative “last mile” as a space of negotiation in which local institutions mediate between social and cultural representations of sustainability and the practical implementation of environmental policies. The empirical case examines the remediation process of the former Caffaro chemical plant in Brescia, located in the heart of the city, where decades of industrial activity resulted in severe soil and groundwater contamination. The remediation project has mobilized a wide constellation of stakeholders across political and communicative arenas, generating tensions among residents, public authorities, environmental agencies, and actors associated with the historical pollution, while raising concerns about environmental and public health impacts. Particular attention is devoted to the SIN Brescia-Caffaro Observatory, established in 2021 by the Municipality of Brescia to inform and deliberate on remediation initiatives and, since 2022, to promote a “last mile” communication strategy addressed to citizens. The Observatory represents an emblematic site of tension between institutional narratives, collective memory, and risk imaginaries, especially within a broader context of institutional distrust. To address the research question, the study adopts a longitudinal constructivist ethnographic approach (Charmaz, 2014; Prasetyo, 2022; Bierschenk & Olivier de Sardan, 2019). The methodology triangulates three years of participant observation within municipal offices and Observatory meetings; in-depth and semi-structured interviews with key informants – including public officials, managers, activists, and residents – and the analysis of institutional documents and communication materials (ordinances, informational leaflets, reports, and bulletins). This approach reconstructs communicative practices – ranging from the glocalization of scientific evidence to its public dissemination – and the inter-institutional negotiations that characterize the last mile. The findings identify four cross-cutting dimensions influencing communicative effectiveness – digitalization, public engagement, localization, and mediation – integrated through cross-functional communication conceived as a unifying symbolic infrastructure. From these dimensions emerges the DIPLOMACITY model, which conceptualizes the interdependence among: (1) digitalization (DI), (2) public engagement (P), (3) localization (LO and CITY), (4) mediation (M), and (5) actor networks (A). (1) Digitalization (DI) balances the democratizing potential of information access with the persistence of digital divides. (2) Public engagement (P) promotes co-design practices in communication, while confronting the tension between substantive inclusivity and the risk of tokenism. (3) Localization (LO-CITY) adapts glocal policy frameworks to territorial specificities, integrating collective memory and local identity with regulatory constraints and bureaucratic procedures. (4) Mediation (M) performs a form of environmental diplomacy through third-party bodies that negotiate risk communication in contexts marked by conflict polarization. (5) Actor networks (A) highlight the multi-level and relational nature of environmental governance, whose interactions co-produce environmental narratives. The model reveals the dialectical tensions embedded within each dimension and demonstrates how these tensions continuously reshape social perceptions of environmental risk. By theorizing last mile communication as a negotiated, relational, and infrastructural process, this research contributes to the understanding of how local institutions mediate sustainability transitions in conflict-sensitive contexts.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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