The sharing economy, understood as the provision of goods and services between private individuals mediated by digital platforms, raises significant questions for civil law, particularly in the areas of contract law, tort law, and private property. Against a background of significant definitional uncertainty, this research seeks to identify the object of study with precision and examines the sharing economy through the lens of these core civil law categories, assessing -through a constant interaction between problem-oriented and systematic reasoning - their suitability to govern the new forms of exchange enabled by technological infrastructures. The analysis focuses on the relationships between users and platforms, as well as on the horizontal relationships between private parties established through platforms, which are predominantly structured through adherence to Terms of Service. Interpreting these standard terms in light of the principle of good faith - an approach further supported by multiple interventions of the European legislature and by U.S. scholarship referring to fiduciary duties in the context of digital platforms - allows for the identification of platforms' specific duties of protection, consistent with the organizational function they perform, as well as for the emergence of new grounds of liability, notwithstanding attempts by online service providers to limit responsibility through contractual design. With regard to horizontal relationships between private parties, the presence of alternative forms of remuneration and the systematic nature of the performances render problematic, respectively, the interpretation of the parties’ patrimonial sacrifice under the traditional categories of onerous and gratuitous transactions, and the distinction between professional and consumer. Finally, the research examines the phenomenon of short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms as a privileged field in which to explore the tensions between private autonomy, public intervention, and the core content (Wesensgehalt) of the right to property, and thus to assess the compatibility of the relevant limitations - whether deriving from private condominium autonomy or from measures adopted by public authorities - in light of the numerous negative externalities affecting condominium contexts and urban centres.
La sharing economy (c.d. economia della condivisione), intesa come offerta di beni e servizi tra privati mediata da piattaforme digitali, solleva importanti interrogativi per il diritto civile, in particolare in materia di contratto, responsabilità civile e proprietà privata. La ricerca, muovendo dalla necessità di individuare precisamente l'oggetto di studio a fronte di una notevole confusione definitoria, analizza la sharing economy alla luce delle menzionate categorie civilistiche, interrogandosi, attraverso la costante interazione tra pensiero problematico e pensiero sistematico, sulla loro idoneità a disciplinare le nuove forme di scambio rese possibili dalle infrastrutture tecnologiche. L’indagine si concentra sui rapporti tra utenti e piattaforme e sulle relazioni tra privati instaurate per il loro tramite, che si strutturano prevalentemente mediante l’adesione ai Terms of Service. L’interpretazione di tali condizioni generali alla luce del principio di buona fede, avvalorata altresì da numerosi interventi del legislatore europeo e da autorevole dottrina statunitense che ha parlato di fiduciary duties in relazione alle piattaforme digitali, consente di individuare specifici obblighi di protezione in capo a queste ultime coerenti con la funzione organizzativa da esse svolta, nonché nuovi profili di responsabilità, nonostante i tentativi di limitazione contrattuale da parte dei gestori dei servizi online. Con riferimento alle relazioni orizzontali tra privati, la presenza di forme alternative di remunerazione e la sistematicità delle prestazioni possono rendere problematica, rispettivamente, l'interpretazione del sacrificio patrimoniale alla luce delle tradizionali categorie dell’onerosità e della gratuità nonché la distinzione tra professionista e consumatore. Infine, la ricerca analizza il fenomeno delle locazioni brevi tramite piattaforme digitali quale ambito privilegiato per esaminare le tensioni tra autonomia privata, misure di carattere pubblicistico e contenuto essenziale del diritto di proprietà (Wesensgehalt) e valutando così la legittimità delle relative limitazioni da parte sia dell’autonomia negoziale privata condominiale sia di provvedimenti adottati dalla pubblica autorità viste le numerose esternalità negative che interessano i contesti condominiali e i centri cittadini.
Tina, Sara, SHARING ECONOMY E CATEGORIE DEL DIRITTO CIVILE, Nicolussi, Andrea, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore MILANO:Ciclo XXXVIII [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/329877]
SHARING ECONOMY E CATEGORIE DEL DIRITTO CIVILE
Tina, Sara
2026
Abstract
The sharing economy, understood as the provision of goods and services between private individuals mediated by digital platforms, raises significant questions for civil law, particularly in the areas of contract law, tort law, and private property. Against a background of significant definitional uncertainty, this research seeks to identify the object of study with precision and examines the sharing economy through the lens of these core civil law categories, assessing -through a constant interaction between problem-oriented and systematic reasoning - their suitability to govern the new forms of exchange enabled by technological infrastructures. The analysis focuses on the relationships between users and platforms, as well as on the horizontal relationships between private parties established through platforms, which are predominantly structured through adherence to Terms of Service. Interpreting these standard terms in light of the principle of good faith - an approach further supported by multiple interventions of the European legislature and by U.S. scholarship referring to fiduciary duties in the context of digital platforms - allows for the identification of platforms' specific duties of protection, consistent with the organizational function they perform, as well as for the emergence of new grounds of liability, notwithstanding attempts by online service providers to limit responsibility through contractual design. With regard to horizontal relationships between private parties, the presence of alternative forms of remuneration and the systematic nature of the performances render problematic, respectively, the interpretation of the parties’ patrimonial sacrifice under the traditional categories of onerous and gratuitous transactions, and the distinction between professional and consumer. Finally, the research examines the phenomenon of short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms as a privileged field in which to explore the tensions between private autonomy, public intervention, and the core content (Wesensgehalt) of the right to property, and thus to assess the compatibility of the relevant limitations - whether deriving from private condominium autonomy or from measures adopted by public authorities - in light of the numerous negative externalities affecting condominium contexts and urban centres.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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