The chapter analyzes the web and social media as central components of today’s media industry. It first traces the evolution of the Internet, which has transformed from an open and decentralized infrastructure into a space dominated by market logics, marked by the rise of major global platforms characterized by revenue models based on data and attention, and by a strong tendency toward oligopolistic concentration. Three key concepts — the long tail, interactivity, and personalization — help to understand the new digital ecosystem, positioned between democratic expectations and recentralizing effects that privilege a limited number of contents and actors. The web has also fostered the spread of partly innovative business models, ranging from ad-supported free access to subscription and crowdfunding systems, often combined in hybrid and multi-layered strategies. Digital marketing plays a central role as a data-driven activity based on paid, owned, earned, and shared media, capable of integrating advertising, content, and user relationships across multiple channels and devices. Finally, the chapter addresses the influencer economy: social media, once tools of interpersonal communication, have turned into complex economic platforms where creators monetize attention, trust, and reputation. The chapter concludes with a box dedicated to the centrality of metrics in corporate strategies: quantitative analysis of digital behavior has become crucial, yet its reliability and implications must be critically assessed in light of its ability to shape editorial practices and decision-making processes.

Il capitolo analizza il web e i social media come componenti centrali dell’odierna industria mediale. Si ricostruisce anzitutto l’evoluzione di internet, che da infrastruttura aperta e decentralizzata è divenuto uno spazio dominato da logiche di mercato, con la nascita di grandi piattaforme globali contraddistinte da modelli di ricavo basate su dati e attenzione e da una forte tendenza alla concentrazione oligopolistica. Tre concetti chiave – coda lunga, interattività e personalizzazione – aiutano a comprendere il nuovo ecosistema digitale, tra aspettative democratiche ed effetti di riaccentramento su pochi contenuti e soggetti. Il web ha poi favorito la diffusione di business model in parte innovativi, dal gratuito finanziato dalla pubblicità fino agli abbonamenti e al crowdfunding, con strategie spesso ibride e multilivello. Centrale risulta poi il digital marketing, che si configura come attività data-driven basata su paid, owned, earned e shared media, in grado di integrare pubblicità, contenuti e relazioni con gli utenti su più canali e dispositivi. In ultimo, viene affrontata l’economia degli influencer: i social media, da strumenti di comunicazione interpersonale, si sono trasformati in piattaforme economiche complesse, all’interno delle quale i creator monetizzano attenzione, fiducia e reputazione. Chiude il capitolo un box dedicato alla centralità delle metriche nelle strategie aziendali: l’analisi quantitativa dei comportamenti digitali è diventata determinante, ma la sua affidabilità e le sue implicazioni vanno valutate criticamente, alla luce della loro capacità di orientare le decisioni e le pratiche editoriali.

Crippa, N., Il web come industria mediale e i social media, in Scaglioni, M. (ed.), Economia delle industrie mediali. Stampa, radio, podcast, film, tv, streaming, videogiochi, web, media digitali, Vita e Pensiero, Milano 2025: <<TRATTATI E MANUALI. MEDIA SPETTACOLO E PROCESSI CULTURALI>>, 255- 273 [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/323383]

Il web come industria mediale e i social media

Crippa, Nicola
2025

Abstract

The chapter analyzes the web and social media as central components of today’s media industry. It first traces the evolution of the Internet, which has transformed from an open and decentralized infrastructure into a space dominated by market logics, marked by the rise of major global platforms characterized by revenue models based on data and attention, and by a strong tendency toward oligopolistic concentration. Three key concepts — the long tail, interactivity, and personalization — help to understand the new digital ecosystem, positioned between democratic expectations and recentralizing effects that privilege a limited number of contents and actors. The web has also fostered the spread of partly innovative business models, ranging from ad-supported free access to subscription and crowdfunding systems, often combined in hybrid and multi-layered strategies. Digital marketing plays a central role as a data-driven activity based on paid, owned, earned, and shared media, capable of integrating advertising, content, and user relationships across multiple channels and devices. Finally, the chapter addresses the influencer economy: social media, once tools of interpersonal communication, have turned into complex economic platforms where creators monetize attention, trust, and reputation. The chapter concludes with a box dedicated to the centrality of metrics in corporate strategies: quantitative analysis of digital behavior has become crucial, yet its reliability and implications must be critically assessed in light of its ability to shape editorial practices and decision-making processes.
2025
Italiano
Economia delle industrie mediali. Stampa, radio, podcast, film, tv, streaming, videogiochi, web, media digitali
9788834354117
Vita e Pensiero
Crippa, N., Il web come industria mediale e i social media, in Scaglioni, M. (ed.), Economia delle industrie mediali. Stampa, radio, podcast, film, tv, streaming, videogiochi, web, media digitali, Vita e Pensiero, Milano 2025: <<TRATTATI E MANUALI. MEDIA SPETTACOLO E PROCESSI CULTURALI>>, 255- 273 [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/323383]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10807/323383
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