The precious composition of the Monza Cathedral treasure contributed to the construction of the myth of the royal function of the Iron Crown, whose aura of sacredness, given by the presence of the relic of the Holy Nail, made it a sought-after instrument in coronations. The image of the Iron Crown – adopted by the German emperors, the Viscontis, Charles V of Habsburg and others – together with the deep-rooted Italian tradition of the treasure of the Lombard queen Teodolinda, became the emblem of the Kingdom of Italy in the Napoleonic era and a figurative emblem of the coronation on Italian soil. The ceremony in Milan, with its theatrical scenography curated by the architect Luigi Canonica, appears strategic from the point of view of the communication that Bonaparte built for his coronation as king of Italy (26 March 1805). In the rite, presided over by Cardinal Caprara, archbishop of Milan, three crowns were used: the French imperial diadem; the new royal crown of Italy; and the Iron Crown of Monza, which is one of the oldest European symbols of royalty, giving prestige to the ceremony, as a legacy of a thousand-year-old tradition, and considered the coat of arms of the “Kingdom of Lombardy or Italian”.
La preziosa composizione del tesoro del duomo di Monza ha contribuito alla costruzione del mito della funzione regale della corona ferrea, la cui aura di sacralità, data dalla presenza della reliquia del Sacro Chiodo, l’ha resa uno strumento ricercato nelle incoronazioni. L’immagine della corona ferrea – adottata dagli imperatori germanici, dai Visconti, da Carlo V d’Asburgo e non solo – insieme alla radicata tradizione italiana del tesoro della regina longobarda Teodolinda, diviene insegna del Regno d’Italia in età napoleonica ed emblema figurativo della incoronazione sul suolo italico. La cerimonia milanese, dalla teatrale scenografia curata dall’architetto Luigi Canonica, appare strategica dal punto di vista della comunicazione che Bonaparte costruisce per la sua incoronazione a re d’Italia (26 marzo 1805). Nel rito, presieduto dal cardinale Caprara, arcivescovo di Milano, si impiegano tre corone: il diadema imperiale francese; la nuova corona reale d’Italia; e la corona ferrea di Monza che costituisce uno dei più antichi simboli europei di regalità, conferendo lustro alla cerimonia, in quanto retaggio di una tradizione millenaria, e considerata lo stemma del “Regno de’ Lombardi o italiano”.
Stroppa, F., Napoleone e l’immagine della corona ferrea, in Cordera, P., D’Amia, G., Ebeling, J., Riva, E. (ed.), Tra Parigi e Milano. La corte napoleonica e le sue relazioni internazionali, Mimesis Edizioni, Sesto San Giovanni (MI) 2024: <<ANELLI>>, 12 123- 135 [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/314079]
Napoleone e l’immagine della corona ferrea
Stroppa, Francesca
2024
Abstract
The precious composition of the Monza Cathedral treasure contributed to the construction of the myth of the royal function of the Iron Crown, whose aura of sacredness, given by the presence of the relic of the Holy Nail, made it a sought-after instrument in coronations. The image of the Iron Crown – adopted by the German emperors, the Viscontis, Charles V of Habsburg and others – together with the deep-rooted Italian tradition of the treasure of the Lombard queen Teodolinda, became the emblem of the Kingdom of Italy in the Napoleonic era and a figurative emblem of the coronation on Italian soil. The ceremony in Milan, with its theatrical scenography curated by the architect Luigi Canonica, appears strategic from the point of view of the communication that Bonaparte built for his coronation as king of Italy (26 March 1805). In the rite, presided over by Cardinal Caprara, archbishop of Milan, three crowns were used: the French imperial diadem; the new royal crown of Italy; and the Iron Crown of Monza, which is one of the oldest European symbols of royalty, giving prestige to the ceremony, as a legacy of a thousand-year-old tradition, and considered the coat of arms of the “Kingdom of Lombardy or Italian”.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.



