Anaerobic digestion is a key technology for sustainable waste management and renewable energy production, converting organic substrates such as agri-food waste and manure into biogas and nutrient-rich digestate. While its operational aspects are well understood, the microbial communities driving the process remain less explored. This study aimed to deepen the understanding of these consortia through advanced -omics approaches, including metagenomics and metabolomics. Chapter 2 focuses on the study of a two-stage anaerobic digestion configuration, replicating at lab scale the layout of a full-scale industrial plant located in Northern Italy. One- and two-stage continuous stirred tank reactors treating agro-industrial feedstocks were compared to assess the impact of reactor configuration on process performance. Special attention was given to biogas production and the recovery of high-value compounds, such as long-chain fatty acids, through 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography analyses. Chapter 3, instead, explores an integrated plant combining anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting for the treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Shotgun sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were applied to characterize microbial communities and investigate the resistome. The aim was to assess whether the combined treatment could mitigate the environmental dissemination of resistance genes. This research provides new insights into microbial ecology in AD systems, supporting the development of more efficient and sustainable waste management strategies in line with circular economy principles.
La digestione anaerobica rappresenta una tecnologia chiave per una gestione sostenibile dei rifiuti e la produzione di energia rinnovabile, in quanto consente la conversione di substrati organici, come i residui agroalimentari e il letame, in biogas e digestato ricco di nutrienti. Sebbene gli aspetti operativi del processo siano ben noti, le comunità microbiche che lo governano restano ancora poco approfondite. Questo studio ha l’obiettivo di ampliare la comprensione di tali consorzi microbici attraverso approcci avanzati di tipo -omico, come la metagenomica e la metabolomica. Il Capitolo 2 è focalizzato sullo studio di una configurazione a due stadi della digestione anaerobica, replicata su scala di laboratorio secondo lo schema di un impianto industriale situato nel Nord Italia. Sono stati confrontati reattori monostadio e bi-stadio alimentati con matrici agroindustriali al fine di valutare l’impatto della configurazione del reattore sulle prestazioni del processo. Particolare attenzione è stata rivolta alla produzione di biogas e al recupero di composti ad alto valore aggiunto, come gli acidi grassi a lunga catena, mediante 16S rRNA sequencing e analisi gascromatografiche. Il Capitolo 3, invece, esplora un impianto integrato che combina digestione anaerobica e compostaggio aerobico per il trattamento della frazione organica dei rifiuti solidi urbani. Il sequenziamento Shotgun e la metabolomica untargeted sono stati utilizzati per caratterizzare le comunità microbiche e analizzare il resistoma. L’obiettivo era valutare se il trattamento integrato potesse contribuire a mitigare la diffusione ambientale dei geni di resistenza agli antibiotici. Questa ricerca fornisce nuove conoscenze sull’ecologia microbica nei sistemi di digestione anaerobica, promuovendo lo sviluppo di strategie di gestione di rifiuti/scarti più efficienti e sostenibili, in linea con i principi dell’economia circolare.
Fanfoni, Elisabetta, EXPLOITATION OF AGRI-FOOD WASTES AND MULTI-OMICS APPROACH TO UNRAVEL KEY MICROBIAL FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESS, Morelli, Lorenzo, Fontana, Alessandra, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore SEDE DI PIACENZA:Ciclo XXXVII [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/309536]
EXPLOITATION OF AGRI-FOOD WASTES AND MULTI-OMICS APPROACH TO UNRAVEL KEY MICROBIAL FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESS
Fanfoni, Elisabetta
2025
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is a key technology for sustainable waste management and renewable energy production, converting organic substrates such as agri-food waste and manure into biogas and nutrient-rich digestate. While its operational aspects are well understood, the microbial communities driving the process remain less explored. This study aimed to deepen the understanding of these consortia through advanced -omics approaches, including metagenomics and metabolomics. Chapter 2 focuses on the study of a two-stage anaerobic digestion configuration, replicating at lab scale the layout of a full-scale industrial plant located in Northern Italy. One- and two-stage continuous stirred tank reactors treating agro-industrial feedstocks were compared to assess the impact of reactor configuration on process performance. Special attention was given to biogas production and the recovery of high-value compounds, such as long-chain fatty acids, through 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography analyses. Chapter 3, instead, explores an integrated plant combining anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting for the treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Shotgun sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were applied to characterize microbial communities and investigate the resistome. The aim was to assess whether the combined treatment could mitigate the environmental dissemination of resistance genes. This research provides new insights into microbial ecology in AD systems, supporting the development of more efficient and sustainable waste management strategies in line with circular economy principles.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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