It is proposed a survey of the mixed theatre genre called ‘tragicomedy’ that first appears in two Latin verses in the Prologue of Plautus' Amphitryon (vv. 59 and 63). But there is history behind this term. The Asteas krater (Vatican U 19 inv. 17106, about mid 4th century BC) depicts a farcical comedy scene whose protagonists are Jupiter, Mercury and Alcmena and which we find in Plautus' play Amphitryon. This vase shows that around 50 years before Rhinthon of Tarentum (inventor of the hilarotragedy) and around 150 years before Plautus' Amphitryon (which we date to around 200 BC), farcical dramas were staged in Magna Graecia that starred and ridiculed “tragic” gods such as Zeus and Hermes, with an obvious contamination of genres. Investigating the issue of the to satyrikon (the satyric) and of the satyric drama of historical age, we come to the conclusion that the original core of tragicomedy is recognisable in the poetry of tragic mode with speaking satyrs in metre invented by Arion. It appears as the first evolution in spectacular form of that original ritual satire poetry, from which the dramatic genres of the classical age would evolve. The mixed dramatic genre precedes, therefore, the differentiation of dramatic genres, later re-emerging as much in satirical dramas as in some tragedies and comedies. The issue is controversial, but the evidence seems to favour this interpretation rather than leading us to consider tragicomedy as a secondary development of the tragic and comic genres.

Indagine sul genere teatrale misto che prende il nome di 'tragicommedia' che compare per la prima volta, in due versi latini nel Prologo dell’Anfitrione di Plauto (vv. 59 e 63). Ma c'è storia dietro a questo termine. Il cratere di Asteas (Vaticano U 19 inv. 17106, della metà del IV sec. a.C.) propone una scena di commedia farsesca che ha per protagonisti Giove, Mercurio e Alcmena e che ritroviamo tale e quale nella commedia Anfitrione di Plauto. Questo vaso mostra che circa 50 anni prima di Rintone di Taranto (inventore dell'ilarotragedia) e circa 150 anni prima dell’Anfitrione di Plauto (che datiamo circa al 200 a.C.), in Magna Grecia andavano in scena drammi farseschi che avevano come protagonisti e ridicolizzavano divinità “tragiche” quali Zeus e Hermes, con una evidente contaminazione dei generi. Si affronta la questione del to satyrikon (il satiresco) e del dramma satiresco di età storica, arrivando alla conclusione che il nucleo originario della tragicommedia sia riconoscibile nella poesia di modo tragico con satiri parlanti in metro inventata da Arione. Essa appare come la prima evoluzione in forma spettacolare di quell’originaria poesia satiresca rituale, da cui si sarebbero evoluti i generi drammatici di età classica. Il genere drammatico misto precede, dunque, la differenziazione dei generi drammatici, riemergendo poi tanto nei drammi satireschi, quanto in alcune tragedie e commedie. La questione è controversa, ma le testimonianze paiono favorire questa interpretazione piuttosto che portarci a considerare la tragicommedia come un’evoluzione secondaria dei generi tragico e comico.

Matelli, E., Voce "Tragicommedia (teatro antico)", in European Theatre Lexicon / Lessico del Teatro Europeo, MIMESIS EDIZIONI, Milano 2024:2024 314-337 [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/295736]

Tragicommedia (teatro antico)

Matelli, Elisabetta
2024

Abstract

It is proposed a survey of the mixed theatre genre called ‘tragicomedy’ that first appears in two Latin verses in the Prologue of Plautus' Amphitryon (vv. 59 and 63). But there is history behind this term. The Asteas krater (Vatican U 19 inv. 17106, about mid 4th century BC) depicts a farcical comedy scene whose protagonists are Jupiter, Mercury and Alcmena and which we find in Plautus' play Amphitryon. This vase shows that around 50 years before Rhinthon of Tarentum (inventor of the hilarotragedy) and around 150 years before Plautus' Amphitryon (which we date to around 200 BC), farcical dramas were staged in Magna Graecia that starred and ridiculed “tragic” gods such as Zeus and Hermes, with an obvious contamination of genres. Investigating the issue of the to satyrikon (the satyric) and of the satyric drama of historical age, we come to the conclusion that the original core of tragicomedy is recognisable in the poetry of tragic mode with speaking satyrs in metre invented by Arion. It appears as the first evolution in spectacular form of that original ritual satire poetry, from which the dramatic genres of the classical age would evolve. The mixed dramatic genre precedes, therefore, the differentiation of dramatic genres, later re-emerging as much in satirical dramas as in some tragedies and comedies. The issue is controversial, but the evidence seems to favour this interpretation rather than leading us to consider tragicomedy as a secondary development of the tragic and comic genres.
2024
Italiano
European Theatre Lexicon / Lessico del Teatro Europeo
9791222310800
MIMESIS EDIZIONI
Matelli, E., Voce "Tragicommedia (teatro antico)", in European Theatre Lexicon / Lessico del Teatro Europeo, MIMESIS EDIZIONI, Milano 2024:2024 314-337 [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/295736]
File in questo prodotto:
Non ci sono file associati a questo prodotto.

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10807/295736
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus ND
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
social impact